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BACKGROUNDAlthough screening of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive individuals for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN; a precursor of anal cancer) has been practiced in San Francisco among HIV health care providers since the early 1990s, to the authors' knowledge no study to date has focused on evaluating recent AIN trends.
METHODSCases of high‐grade AIN 3 and invasive anal cancer from...
BACKGROUNDMen with multiple comorbidities are often overtreated for low‐risk prostate cancer, but it is unclear whether they are undertreated for high‐risk cancer, which has appreciable short‐term prostate cancer‐specific mortality. This study characterized the impact of comorbidity on treatment and survival in men with differing tumor risks.
METHODSThe researchers sampled 1482 men with nonmetastatic...
BACKGROUNDHospital and surgeon (provider) volume are associated with clinically significant outcomes for many types of surgery. Volume‐outcome studies in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer have focused primarily on postoperative mortality. In the current study, the authors assessed the effect of cystectomy provider volume on long‐term mortality.
METHODSUsing administrative...
BACKGROUNDThis study tested the hypothesis that time of day of treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has an effect on local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases.
METHODSAt Washington University in St. Louis, 437 patients with NSCLC were treated with SRS for NSCLC brain metastases. Receiver operating...
BACKGROUNDNR4A2, an orphan nuclear receptor essential in the generation of dopaminergic neurons, has been recently linked to inflammation and cancer. This study sought to identify the role of NR4A2 on chemoresistance and postoperative prognosis of gastric cancer (GC).
METHODSNR4A2 was transfected into GC cells to investigate its effects on chemoresistance to 5‐fluorouracil and the tumorigenicity...
BACKGROUNDAnnual surveillance mammography is recommended after a diagnosis of breast cancer. Previous studies have suggested that surveillance mammography varies by demographics and initial tumor characteristics, which are related to an individual's access to health care. The Military Health System of the Department of Defense provides beneficiaries with equal access health care and thus offers an...
BACKGROUNDPreoperative chemotherapy improves the outcome in patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastases. In the current study, the authors evaluated the activity of a conversion treatment with the combination of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) used in association with panitumumab in patients with unresectable, liver‐only, metastatic colon cancer.
METHODSChemotherapy‐naive patients...
BACKGROUNDA subset of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV‐OSCC) experience poor clinical outcomes. The authors of this report explored prognostic risk factors for overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).
METHODSPatients with incident HPV‐OSCC who received treatment at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1997 and 2008 and who...
BACKGROUNDBevacizumab received US Food and Drug Administration approval for use in recurrent glioblastoma based on promising radiographic response data, but without clear evidence that it prolongs survival. A population‐based analysis was conducted to determine whether bevacizumab approval was associated with improved glioblastoma survival in the United States.
METHODSSurveillance, Epidemiology,...
BACKGROUNDProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing is recommended every 6 to 12 months for the first 5 years following radical prostatectomy as a means to detect potential disease recurrence. Despite substantial research on factors affecting treatment decisions, recurrence, and mortality, little is known about whether men receive guideline‐concordant surveillance testing or whether receipt varies by...
BACKGROUNDThe use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widespread, yet there is relatively little discussion regarding its use between oncology patients and their health care practitioners.
METHODSThis multisite randomized trial examined the efficacy of an educational intervention designed to encourage oncology nurses to discuss CAM use with their patients. A total of 175 nurses completed...
BACKGROUNDSpinal sarcomas have been one of the most challenging diseases for orthopedic surgeons. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) treatment results for spinal sarcoma.
METHODSForty‐seven patients with 48 medically unresectable spinal sarcomas, excluding sacral tumors, received treatment with CIRT between 1996 and 2011. All patients were enrolled...
BACKGROUNDSuccessful bone marrow assessment is essential to the diagnosis and staging of hematologic malignancies. The objective of this study was to determine whether specific operator techniques and/or use of a specimen preparation checklist could impact the quality of bone marrow assessment by reducing the frequency of nonspicular aspirates, small cores, and nondiagnostic samples.
METHODSAll bone...
BACKGROUNDThe current prospective, multicenter study sought to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms of voltage‐gated sodium channels (SCNAs) genes that might confer susceptibility to an increased incidence and severity of oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy (OXAIPN) in patients treated with either leucovorin, 5‐fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or oxaliplatin plus capecitabine (XELOX)...
BACKGROUNDDespite a high radiographic response rate in patients with recurrent glioblastoma following bevacizumab therapy, survival benefit has been relatively modest. We assess whether tumor volume measurements based on baseline and early posttreatment MRI can stratify patients in terms of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
METHODSBaseline (−4 +/‐ 4 days) and posttreatment...
BACKGROUNDDoxorubicin is associated with progressive cardiac dysfunction, possibly through the formation of doxorubicin‐iron complexes leading to free‐radical injury. The authors determined the frequency of hemochromatosis (HFE) gene mutations associated with hereditary hemochromatosis and their relationship with doxorubicin‐associated cardiotoxicity in survivors of childhood high‐risk acute lymphoblastic...
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