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BACKGROUNDGeographic barriers and limited availability of cancer specialists may influence early prostate cancer treatment options for rural men. This study compares receipt of different early prostate cancer treatments between rural and urban patients.
METHODSUsing 2004‐2006 SEER Limited‐Use Data, 51,982 early prostate cancer patients were identified (T1c, T2a, T2b, T2c, T2NOS; no metastases) who...
BACKGROUNDRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are commonly used to inform clinical practice; however, it is unclear how generalizable RCT data are to patients in routine clinical practice. The authors of this report assessed the availability and applicability of randomized evidence guiding medical decisions in a cohort of patients who were evaluated for consideration of definitive management in a...
BACKGROUNDThe authors hypothesized that Lynch syndrome (LS)‐associated endometrial cancer (EC) develops from morphologically normal endometrium that accumulates enough molecular changes to progress through a continuum of hyperplasia to carcinoma, similar to sporadic EC. The primary objective of the current study was to determine whether LS‐associated EC involves progression through a preinvasive lesion...
BACKGROUNDAlthough the presence of genetic heterogeneity within the tumors of individual patients is established, it is unclear whether greater heterogeneity predicts a worse outcome. A quantitative measure of genetic heterogeneity based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS) data, mutant‐allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH), was previously developed and applied to a data set on head and neck squamous cell...
BACKGROUNDThis study aimed to apply the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic model in metastatic non–clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC). In addition, the survival outcome of metastatic nccRCC patients was characterized.
METHODSData on 2215 patients (1963 with clear‐cell RCC [ccRCC] and 252 with nccRCC) treated with first‐line VEGF‐ and mTOR‐targeted therapies were collected...
BACKGROUNDPrimary care physician (PCP) services may have an impact on breast cancer mortality and incidence, possibly through greater use of screening mammography.
METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective, 1:1 matching case‐control study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare–linked database to examine use of PCP services and their association with breast cancer...
BACKGROUNDCurrent vaccines protect against 2 human papillomavirus (HPV) types, HPV 16 and 18, which are associated with 70% of cervical cancers and 50% of high‐grade cervical lesions. HPV type distribution was examined among women with high‐grade lesions by individual and area‐based measures of race, ethnicity, and poverty.
METHODSThis analysis included 832 women aged 18 to 39 years reported to a...
BACKGROUNDInclusion of diverse groups of participants in cancer clinical trials is an important methodological and clinical issue. The quality of the science and generalizability of results depends on the inclusion of study participants who represent all populations among whom these treatment and prevention approaches will be used.
METHODSWe conducted a systematic review using OVID as the primary...
BACKGROUNDThe efficacy of afatinib, an irreversible ErbB Family Blocker, was evaluated in patients who had 1 of 4 categories of solid tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGFR/HER2) gene amplification or EGFR‐activating mutations.
METHODSPatients with previously treated but ErbB inhibitor‐naive esophagogastric, biliary tract, urothelial tract, or...
BACKGROUNDOver the past 2 decades, significant progress has been made in the field of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) regarding new imaging techniques, surgical interventions, and systemic therapy. It is not known whether the benefit from these interventions has extended overall survival (OS) within the general mCRC population. A population‐based survival analysis of newly diagnosed patients who...
BACKGROUNDUse of progression‐free survival (PFS) as a clinical trial endpoint in first‐line treatment of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) is attractive, but would be enhanced by establishing a correlation between PFS and overall survival (OS).
METHODSData was pooled from 7 phase 2 and 3 trials evaluating cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in metastatic UC. An independent cohort of patients...
BACKGROUNDThis study sought to characterize Modern patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and identify pretreatment clinical predictors of survival.
METHODSA cohort of men with CRPC with and without metastases (M) treated with secondary hormonal therapy (2eHT) and/or chemotherapy (CT) was identified from the authors' institutional database. Associations of patient and disease characteristics...
BACKGROUNDStudies of mechanisms mediating resistance to chemotherapy led to the discovery of the multidrug transporter ABCB1 (ATP‐binding cassette, subfamily B, member 1), often expressed in leukemic cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Most clinical trials evaluating the strategy of inhibiting efflux‐mediated chemotherapeutic resistance have been unsuccessful, clearly indicating the...
BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to develop a pretreatment prognostic model for patients with unresectable and/or metastatic urothelial cancer who were treated with first‐line, cisplatin‐based chemotherapy.
METHODSIndividual data were pooled from 399 patients who were enrolled on 8 phase 2 and 3 trials evaluating cisplatin‐based, first‐line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial...
BACKGROUNDPartial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) are standard treatments for a small renal mass. Retrospective studies suggest an overall survival (OS) advantage, however a randomized phase 3 trial suggests otherwise. The effects of both surgical modalities on OS were evaluated compared with controls.
METHODSA matched cohort study was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology,...
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