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BACKGROUND:Gastroesophageal reflux is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, and bile acid and its farnesoid X receptor (FXR) have been implicated in esophageal tumorigenesis. The authors investigated the role of FXR expression and activity in esophageal cancer initiation and growth.
METHODS:FXR expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Knockdown...
BACKGROUND:Nausea and vomiting (N/V) during chemotherapy can have profound clinical and economic consequences. Effective antiemetic agents are available for prophylaxis, but barriers may prevent their use. For this population‐based study, the authors assessed the rates of antiemetic prophylaxis use, and predictors of such use, among patients who were receiving platinum‐based chemotherapy for lung...
BACKGROUND:There has been increasing interest in serial research biopsies in studies of targeted therapies. Definition of patient characteristics and optimal target tissue for safe research tumor biopsy in the era of antiangiogenic and targeted agents is needed.
METHODS:This institutional review board‐approved, retrospective study included chart and interventional radiology case review from 6 phase...
BACKGROUND:Nulliparity is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. It is less clear whether nulliparity modifies the association between other established hormone‐related risk factors. The proportion of nulliparous women has increased since the mid‐1970s, but most individual studies to date have been too small to test the hypothesis that endometrial cancer risk factors may be associated...
BACKGROUND:The American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) generally has not collected cancer‐specific variables. Because increasing numbers of studies are using ACS NSQIP data to study cancer surgery, the objectives of the current study were 1) to examine differences between existing ACS NSQIP variables and cancer registry variables, and 2) to determine...
BACKGROUND:The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), which was conducted between 2002 and 2009, demonstrated that screening with low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduced lung cancer mortality by 20% among screening‐eligible populations compared with chest x‐ray. In this article, the authors provide an estimate of the annual number of lung cancer deaths that can be averted by screening, assuming...
BACKGROUND:This study sought to estimate the risk of breast cancer (BC) after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC) associated with mutation of the BRCA1/2 (breast cancer, early onset) genes (BRCA‐OC).
METHODS:The Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center and the University of Pennsylvania, clinical genetics databases were searched to identify women with BRCA‐OC who participated in genetic testing and...
BACKGROUND.Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in Latinas, chiefly because of later diagnosis. The time from screening to diagnosis is critical to optimizing cancer care, yet the efficacy of navigation in reducing it is insufficiently documented. Here, the authors evaluate a culturally sensitive patient navigation program to reduce the time to diagnosis and increase the proportions...
BACKGROUND:Considerable efforts have been undertaken in the United States to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality by increasing screening; however, disparities in screening rates continue to exist among certain racial and ethnic minority groups. The objective of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of a lay health worker‐delivered intervention—AMIGAS (Ayudando a las Mujeres con Informacion, Guia, y Amor para su Salud...
BACKGROUND:The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) research team reported reduced lung cancer mortality among current and former smokers with a minimum 30 pack‐year history who were screened with spiral computed tomography scans compared with chest x‐rays. The objectives of the current study were to examine, at 1‐year follow‐up: 1) risk perceptions of lung cancer and smoking‐related diseases and...
BACKGROUND:In head and neck cancer (HNC), 3‐month post‐treatment positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) reliably identifies persistent/recurrent disease. However, further PET/CT surveillance has unclear benefit. The impact of post‐treatment PET/CT surveillance on outcomes is assessed at 12 and 24 months.
METHODS:A 10‐year retrospective analysis of HNC patients was carried out...
BACKGROUND:Randomized clinical trials (RCT) have demonstrated equivalent survival for breast‐conserving therapy with radiation (BCT) and mastectomy for early‐stage breast cancer. A large, population‐based series of women who underwent BCT or mastectomy was studied to observe whether outcomes of RCT were achieved in the general population, and whether survival differed by surgery type when stratified...
BACKGROUND:Cancer patients who continue smoking are at increased risk for adverse outcomes including reduced treatment efficacy and poorer survival rates. Many patients spontaneously quit smoking after diagnosis; however, relapse is understudied. The goal of this study was to evaluate smoking‐related, affective, cognitive, and physical variables as predictors of smoking after surgical treatment among...
BACKGROUND:Current evidence on breast cancer among US Hispanic women indicates a significant public health threat, although few studies have assessed the heterogeneity in breast cancer risk among Hispanics of different origin.
METHODS:The 2000 and 2005 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Modules were used to examine the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT) 5‐year risk and lifetime...
BACKGROUND:Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among young adult women has been reported to be very low. The authors conducted this study to provide an update on HPV vaccine uptake among 18‐ to 26‐year‐old women.
METHODS:The authors used the National Health Interview Survey 2010 data to estimate HPV vaccine coverage and their correlates.
RESULTS:Overall, 22.7% of women initiated (≥1 dose)...
BACKGROUND:Oxidative stress causes damage to many components of human cells (ie, proteins, lipids, and DNA) and is involved in carcinogenesis. Nutrients with antioxidant properties may protect against oxidative stress. In this study, the authors examined the intake of antioxidants from diet and supplements in relation to pancreatic cancer risk among participants of the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL)...
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