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BACKGROUNDIn premenopausal women treated for breast cancer, loss of bone mineral density (BMD) follows from menopause induced by chemotherapy or loss of ovarian function biochemically or by surgical oophorectomy. The impact on BMD of surgical oophorectomy plus tamoxifen therapy has not been described.
METHODSIn 270 Filipino and Vietnamese premenopausal patients participating in a clinical trial assessing...
BACKGROUNDCervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. The objective of this study was to describe the most common oncogenic mutations in cervical cancers and to explore genomic differences between the 2 most common histologic subtypes: adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
METHODSA high‐throughput genotyping platform, termed Oncomap, was used to interrogate...
BACKGROUNDThis study retrospectively compared the safety and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with open hepatic resection (HR) in elderly patients (age > 65 years) with very early or early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODSElderly patients (n = 180) with very early or early HCC were studied. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Center of Sun...
BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to define the volumetric tumor growth rate in patients who had advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and had initially received treatment with EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy beyond progression.
METHODSThe study included 58 patients with advanced NSCLC who had sensitizing...
BACKGROUNDHotspot mutations in BRAF and NRAS are the most common somatic events in patients with melanoma. These mutations occur at highly conserved residues, but include several different substitutions. To determine whether specific mutations are clinically important to differentiate, tumor characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared among patients with advanced melanoma with 1) BRAF V600E...
BACKGROUNDThe combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) has produced improved response rates and a prolonged survival in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, its therapeutic power is counterbalanced by significant hematologic toxicity. Persistent and new‐onset cytopenia after the completion of FCR raise concern about disease recurrence, the development...
BACKGROUNDLenalidomide is approved for the treatment of anemia with transfusion dependence (TD) in patients with lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with 5q deletion (del5q‐MDS), but its “real‐life” use and effect on transfusion needs are unclear. In the current study, the authors examined its use in the Medicare population.
METHODSPatients with MDS who were enrolled in Medicare Parts A, B,...
BACKGROUNDAlthough rituximab‐based chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) has substantially improved clinical outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), only 40% to 50% of patients achieve a complete remission (CR). There remains interest in identifying new approaches to improve the effectiveness of CIT. Ofatumumab is a fully human anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody with greater apparent single‐agent activity than...
BACKGROUNDRates of screening mammography have plateaued, and the number of mammography facilities has declined in the past decade. The objective of this study was to assess changes over time and geographic disparities in the availability of mammography services.
METHODSUsing information from the US Food and Drug Administration and the US Census, county‐level mammography capacity was defined as the...
BACKGROUNDRituximab combined with chemotherapy has improved the survival of previously untreated patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). Nevertheless, many patients neither want nor can tolerate chemotherapy, leading to interest in biological approaches. Epratuzumab is a humanized anti‐CD22 monoclonal antibody with efficacy in relapsed FL. Because both rituximab and epratuzumab have single‐agent activity...
BACKGROUNDNeurosurgical resection and whole‐brain radiation therapy (WBRT) are accepted treatments for single and oligometastatic cancer to the brain. To avoid the decline in neurocognitive function (NCF) linked to WBRT, the authors conducted a prospective, multicenter, phase 2 study to determine whether surgery and carmustine wafers (CW), while deferring WBRT, could preserve NCF and achieve local...
BACKGROUNDWeekly or daily cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based chemoradiation was evaluated for patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal treated at a single institution over a 20‐year period.
METHODSA retrospective, single‐institution analysis was conducted of patients receiving concurrent 5‐FU/cisplatin and radiotherapy for locally advanced SCC from 1989...
BACKGROUNDA previous observational study reported that endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is associated with improved survival in older patients with pancreatic cancer. The objective of this study was to reevaluate this association using different statistical methods to control for confounding and selection bias.
METHODSSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare linked data (1992‐2007)...
BACKGROUNDWilms tumor is the most common childhood renal tumor. Although the majority of patients with favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT) have good outcomes, some patients still experience disease recurrence and death from disease. The goal of the current study was to determine whether tumor‐specific chromosome 1q gain is associated with event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients...
BACKGROUNDThe authors evaluated the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of 2 interventions designed to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in safety‐net settings.
METHODSA 3‐arm, quasi‐experimental evaluation was conducted among 8 clinics in Louisiana. Screening efforts included: 1) enhanced usual care, 2) literacy‐informed education of patients, and 3) education plus nurse support. Overall,...
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