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BACKGROUND.Androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) causes bone loss and fractures. Guidelines recommend bone density testing before and during ADT to characterize fracture risk. The authors of the current report assessed bone density testing among men who received ADT for ≥ 1 year.
METHODS.Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data were used to identify 28,960 men aged > 65 years with...
BACKGROUND:Complete response (CR) at the primary tumor site as assessed by clinical examination following induction chemotherapy with PF (cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil [5‐FU]) is a favorable predictive factor for overall survival and disease control in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In most series, the rate of CR at the primary site after induction PF was...
BACKGROUND:The increasing costs associated with large‐scale adjuvant trials mean that the prognostic value of biologic markers is increasingly important. The expression of nuclear antigen Ki‐67, a marker of cell proliferation, has been correlated with treatment efficacy and is being investigated for its value as a predictive marker of therapeutic response. In the current study, the authors explored...
BACKGROUND:The incidence of colon cancer increases with age, and colon cancer predominantly affects individuals >65 years old. However, there are limited data regarding clinical and pathologic factors, treatment characteristics, and survival of older patients with colon cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of increasing age on colon cancer.
METHODS:Patients diagnosed...
BACKGROUND:The high prevalence of v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) and neuroblastoma v‐ras oncogene homolog (NRAS) mutations in melanoma provides a strong rationale to test the clinical efficacy of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition in this disease. The authors hypothesized that the presence of BRAF or NRAS mutations would correlate with clinical benefit...
BACKGROUND:Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B‐cell malignancy, and patients with this disease have the poorest prognosis among all patients with B‐cell lymphomas. The signaling pathways that trigger MCL escape from immune surveillance are unclear. Because Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) initiate innate and adaptive immune responses against invading pathogens, the authors investigated the impact...
BACKGROUND:Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a very aggressive thyroid gland malignancy with very poor prognosis. It is suspected that the Notch signaling pathway, which is not active in ATC, may have a tumor suppressor function in this neoplasm. However, it remains unknown whether activation of Notch can yield therapeutic efficacies in ATC.
METHODS:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the...
BACKGROUND:Traditional single‐marker and multimarker molecular profiling approaches in bladder cancer do not account for major risk factors and their influence on clinical outcome. This study examined the prognostic value of molecular alterations across all disease stages after accounting for clinicopathological factors and smoking, the most common risk factor for bladder cancer in the developed world,...
BACKGROUND:Psychosocial interventions often address only 1 domain of quality of life (QOL), are offered to patients with early‐stage cancer, do not include the caregiver, and are delivered after cancer treatment has been completed.
METHODS:In the current randomized controlled trial, 131 patients with advanced cancer who received radiotherapy and their caregivers were randomly assigned to either a...
BACKGROUND:In this study, the authors evaluated the effect of denosumab versus zoledronic acid (ZA) on pain in patients with advanced breast cancer and bone metastases.
METHODS:The prevention of pain, reduction in pain interference with daily life activities, and the proportion of patients requiring strong opioid analgesics were assessed in a randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy phase 3 study comparing...
BACKGROUND.Trastuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer is highly efficacious yet costly and time‐intensive, and few data are available about its use. The authors of this report examined receipt and completion of adjuvant trastuzumab by race/ethnicity and education for women with HER2‐positive disease.
METHODS.The National Comprehensive Cancer Network Breast...
BACKGROUND:More reliable clinical outcome prediction is required to better guide more personalized treatment for patients with primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The objective of this study was to identify a microRNA expression signature to improve outcome prediction for patients with primary GBM.
METHODS:A cohort of Chinese patients with primary GBM (n = 82) was analyzed using whole‐genome microRNA...
BACKGROUND:Mycosis fungoides (MF) and leukemic Sézary syndrome (SS) are the most common cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL), but their etiology remains unknown. After patients were observed with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)‐associated CTCL, HCTZ was examined as a putative chronic antigen in a cohort of prospectively staged patients.
METHODS:Demographic and drug exposure data was examined from 1443 confirmed...
BACKGROUND:The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 97‐14 revealed no difference between radiation delivered for painful bone metastases at a dose of 8 gray (Gy) in 1 fraction (single‐fraction radiotherapy [SFRT]) and 30 Gy in 10 fractions (multifraction radiotherapy [MFRT]) in pain relief or narcotic use 3 months after randomization. SFRT for painful vertebral bone metastases (PVBM) has...
BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to determine how patient preferences guide the course of palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer.
METHODS:Eligible patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) were enrolled nationwide in a prospective, population‐based cohort study. Data were obtained through medical record abstraction and patient surveys. Logistic regression analysis...
BACKGROUND:Only 2 prospective studies have previously reported prognostic factors for anal cancer, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 22861 (EORTC 22861) and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 98‐11 (RTOG 98‐11). Both of those trials reported that clinically positive lymph nodes and male sex predicted poorer overall survival (OS). The EORTC 22861 trial indicated that...
BACKGROUND.The IDH1 gene, which encodes isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, is frequently mutated in gliomas and acute myeloid leukemia. The single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (reference SNP no. rs11554137:C>T) located on IDH1 codon 105 has been associated with a poor outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia but has not been investigated in patients with gliomas.
METHODS.The IDH1 codon 105 SNP...
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