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A large body of evidence suggests that the platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) family and associated receptors are potential targets in oncology therapeutic development because of their critical roles in the proliferation and survival of various cancers and in the regulation and growth of the tumor stroma and blood vessels. Several small molecules that nonspecifically target the PDGF signaling axis...
The human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 (VEGFR‐1, or Flt‐1) is widely expressed in normal and pathologic tissue and contributes to the pathogenesis of both neoplastic and inflammatory diseases. In human cancer, VEGFR‐1 mediated signaling is responsible for both direct tumor activation and angiogenesis. VEGFR‐1 mediated activation of nonmalignant supporting cells, particularly stromal,...
BACKGROUND:Methadone is an effective and inexpensive opioid for cancer pain treatment. It has been reported as difficult to use in the outpatient setting because of its variable relative potency and long half‐life. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of methadone initiation or rotation for cancer pain treatment in outpatient settings.
METHODS:Chart review was done of 189 consecutive...
BACKGROUND:Treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN) is costly, because it typically involves hospitalization. As cancer rates continue to increase, the number of patients suffering from FN will also increase, making it important to quantify the costs of treating this condition accurately and comprehensively.
METHODS:A consecutive sample of patients admitted to an inpatient hematology/oncology ward at...
BACKGROUND:A significant response to placebo in randomized controlled trials of treatments for cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) had been reported. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the frequency and predictors of response to placebo effect and nocebo effects in patients with CRF treated in those trials.
METHODS:The records of 105 patients who received placebo in 2 previous randomized clinical...
BACKGROUND:We sought to measure time and identify predictors of timely follow‐up among a cohort of racially/ethnically diverse inner city women with breast and cervical cancer screening abnormalities.
METHODS:Eligible women had an abnormality detected on a mammogram or Papanicolaou (Pap) test between January 2004 and December 2005 in 1 of 6 community health centers in Boston, Massachusetts. Retrospective...
BACKGROUND:Cancer patients admitted to a palliative care unit generally have a poor prognosis. The role of antineoplastic therapy (ANT) in these patients remains controversial. In the current study, the authors examined the frequency and predictors associated with ANT use in hospitalized patients who required admission to an acute palliative care unit (APCU).
METHODS:Included in the study were all...
BACKGROUND:Refusal of appropriately indicated do‐not‐resuscitate (DNR) orders may cause harm and distress for patients, families, and the medical team. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the frequency and predictors of refusals of DNR in advanced cancer patients admitted to an acute palliative care unit.
METHODS:A total of 2538 consecutive admissions were reviewed. Demographic and clinical...
BACKGROUND:The treatment, prognosis, and outcomes of young lung cancer patients have not been fully explored. In addition, there is a pressing need to characterize this subgroup of patients, because there is a trend of increasing incidence in younger patients from Europe and Japan.
METHODS:Consecutive, nonselected young patients (<45 years old) with pathologically diagnosed lung cancer treated...
BACKGROUND:Patients' estimates of their chances of therapeutic benefit from participation in early phase trials greatly exceed historical data. Ethicists worry that this therapeutic misestimation undermines the validity of informed consent.
METHODS:The authors interviewed 45 patients enrolled in phase 1 or 2 oncology trials about their expectations of therapeutic benefit and their reasons for those...
BACKGROUND:Guidelines recommend lifelong anticoagulation in patients with cancer and a history of thromboembolism, but the use of anticoagulation in hospice has not been described. A retrospective study of medication data was conducted to determine patterns of anticoagulant use and predictors of type of anticoagulant prescribed for hospice patients with lung cancer.
METHODS:Medication data were evaluated...
BACKGROUND:Lymph node counts are a measure of quality assurance and are associated with prognosis for numerous malignancies. To date, investigations of lymph node counts in testis cancer are lacking.
METHODS:By using the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Testis Cancer database, the authors identified 255 patients who underwent primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for nonseminomatous germ...
The reduction in the cancer mortality rate in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer has lagged behind the reduction noted in children and older adults. Studies investigating reasons for this are limited but causes appear to be multifactorial. Host factors such as developmental stage, compliance, and tolerance to therapy; provider factors such as lack of awareness of cancer in AYA and referral...
BACKGROUND:Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are measures completed by patients to capture outcomes that are meaningful and valued by patients. To help standardize PRO measures in patient navigation research and program evaluation, the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Working Group (PROWG) was convened as part of the American Cancer Society's National Patient Navigator Leadership Summit.
METHODS:The PROWG...
BACKGROUND:The authors examined whether survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were less likely to be in higher‐skill occupations than a sibling comparison and whether certain survivors were at higher risk for lower‐skill jobs.
METHODS:The authors created 3 mutually exclusive occupational categories for participants aged ≥25 years: Managerial/Professional, Nonphysical Service/Blue Collar,...
BACKGROUND:Men on active surveillance for clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) undergo frequent computed tomography imaging to avoid delayed detection of disease. Irradiation from frequent imaging and chemotherapy upon progression may place patients at increased risk of a second malignancy. In this study, the authors sought to identify such an increased risk among men who chose...
Many different factors can account for hemorrhagic complications in patients with malignancies. Potential etiologies include disease‐ or treatment‐related impairment of bone marrow function, or trauma to highly friable and vascularized malignant tissues. Immune impairment may also occur in solid or hematologic malignancies, leading to spontaneous formation of inhibitory antibodies against coagulation...
BACKGROUND:Statins are widely used cholesterol‐lowering agents that may have potential antitumor effect. Epidemiological studies on statin use and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk have been inconsistent.
METHODS:The authors investigated the association between statin use and RCC risk in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study. In total, 80,782 women and 37,869 men were followed...
BACKGROUND:The authors systematically reviewed the literature and conducted a pooled analysis of studies on small renal masses who underwent active surveillance to identify the risk progression and the characteristics associated with metastases.
METHODS:A search of the MEDLINE database was performed to identify all clinical series that reported the surveillance of localized renal masses. For studies...
BACKGROUND:Studies suggest that patients with cancer who undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at risk for cognitive deficits. To date, little research has investigated the cumulative effects of clinical risk factors on cognitive function in patients who undergo HCT.
METHODS:Patients (N = 278) who were scheduled to undergo HCT for hematologic disease completed neuropsychological assessments...
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