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BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to confirm whether black and white women with endometrial cancer are equally tolerant of chemotherapy and identify factors that impact survival.
METHODS:A retrospective review of 169 black women and 982 white women with the International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians stage III, stage IV, or recurrent endometrial carcinoma was performed. All...
BACKGROUND:Although several studies had examined secondary malignancies in patients with specific primary tumor types, to the authors' knowledge there are very few data examining the long‐term sequelae of pelvic radiation as a whole. The goal of the current study was to examine the risk of treatment‐associated leukemia and multiple myeloma in patients treated with pelvic radiotherapy.
METHODS:Patients...
BACKGROUND:Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignancy worldwide. It is often preceded by endometrial hyperplasia, whose management and risk of neoplastic progression vary. Previously, the authors have shown that the tetraspan protein epithelial membrane protein‐2 (EMP2) is a prognostic indicator for EC aggressiveness and survival. Here the authors validate the expression of EMP2 in EC, and further...
BACKGROUND:The treatment of patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer remains problematic, because chemotherapy and hormonal therapy have yielded low response rates and limited progression‐free survival. Because the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin demonstrated synergism in preclinical studies, the authors attempted to determine the efficacy and toxicity of this combination in...
BACKGROUND:This study evaluated whether progression‐free interval (PFI) following primary chemotherapy (PCT) was predictive of overall survival (OS) after second‐line chemotherapy in advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer (EC).
METHODS:This is a pooled analysis of patients who recurred after PCT and were treated with second‐line chemotherapy on Gynecologic Oncology Group trials. PFI‐1 measured from...
BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to determine whether lower expression levels of DICER1 are associated with disease recurrence in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer. The authors also explored DNA methylation and haploinsufficiency as potential mechanisms related to altered DICER1 expression in these tumors.
METHODS:DICER1 expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain...
BACKGROUND:MicroRNA‐145 (miR‐145) has been reported to be a tumor‐suppressing agent in several studies. It can repress pluripotency and control human embryonic stem cell differentiation by regulating the core pluripotency factor OCT4. However, it is not known whether miR‐145 can play a role in inducing tumor cell differentiation and repressing growth of tumors.
METHODS:Ishikawa cells, the established...
BACKGROUND:Recent changes were made to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for endometrial cancer. The objective of this study was to compare survival outcomes for patients who were staged according to the 1988 FIGO staging system versus the 2009 FIGO staging system.
METHODS:Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program...
BACKGROUND:Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common extraintestinal malignancy in Lynch syndrome (LS) and often is the sentinel malignancy, yet there is no consensus regarding LS‐EC detection algorithms. In this study, the authors determined the efficacy of family/personal history and tumor morphology in predicting LS in a cohort of patients with EC who had mutation‐proven LS.
METHODS:Amsterdam...
BACKGROUND:Obesity is associated with circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin and endometrial cancer risk. Little is known about whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes that encode adiponectin (ADIPOQ), leptin (LEP), adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1), adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2), and leptin receptor (LEPR) are associated with endometrial cancer.
METHODS:The authors selected...
BACKGROUND:Nulliparity is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. It is less clear whether nulliparity modifies the association between other established hormone‐related risk factors. The proportion of nulliparous women has increased since the mid‐1970s, but most individual studies to date have been too small to test the hypothesis that endometrial cancer risk factors may be associated...
BACKGROUNDThe authors hypothesized that Lynch syndrome (LS)‐associated endometrial cancer (EC) develops from morphologically normal endometrium that accumulates enough molecular changes to progress through a continuum of hyperplasia to carcinoma, similar to sporadic EC. The primary objective of the current study was to determine whether LS‐associated EC involves progression through a preinvasive lesion...
BACKGROUNDTargeting the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is of increasing interest as a therapeutic strategy in many tumors. The aim of this study was to identify molecular markers associated with mTOR inhibitor activity in women with metastatic endometrial cancer.
METHODSArchival tumor samples were collected from 94 women with recurrent or metastatic...
BACKGROUNDMetformin, an antidiabetic drug, decreases the incidence of various cancers in diabetic patients. Metformin‐induced inhibition of cancer cell proliferation has been confirmed in vitro but not in humans. Because endometrial cancer is associated with insulin resistance, the authors investigated whether a diabetes‐therapeutic metformin dose inhibits cancer cell growth in patients with endometrial...
BACKGROUNDLiver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a tumor suppressor and regulates cell polarity, proliferation, and metabolism. Mutations in LKB1 are associated with Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome as well as sporadic cervical and lung cancers. Although LKB1‐null mice develop invasive endometrial cancers, the role and regulation of LKB1 in the pathogenesis of human endometrial...
BACKGROUNDDNA polymerase ɛ (POLE) exonuclease domain mutations characterize a subtype of endometrial cancer (EC) with a markedly increased somatic mutational burden. POLE‐mutant tumors were described as a molecular subtype with improved progression‐free survival by The Cancer Genome Atlas. In this study, the frequency, spectrum, prognostic significance, and potential clinical application of POLE mutations...
BACKGROUNDPreclinical studies have demonstrated antitumor effects of bisphosphonates. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of exposure to bisphosphonate on the incidence of endometrial cancer.
METHODSThe authors used data from the National Cancer Institute's Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, which collected data on all cancers. In year...
BACKGROUNDEndometrial cancer has been recognized only recently as a major component of Cowden syndrome (CS). Germline alterations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN; PTEN_mut+), succinate dehydrogenase B/C/D (SDHB‐D; SDHx_var+), and killin (KLLN_Me+) cause CS and Cowden syndrome–like (CSL) phenotypes. This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence and clinicopathologic predictors of germline...
BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to assess acute and late adverse events (AEs), overall survival (OS), pelvic failure, regional failure, distant failure, and disease‐free survival in a prospective phase 2 clinical trial of bevacizumab and pelvic intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with chemotherapy in patients with high‐risk endometrial cancer.
METHODSPatients underwent a hysterectomy...
BACKGROUNDThe risks of both endometrial cancer and postmenopausal breast cancer are increased by obesity and higher endogenous estrogen levels. Although aromatase inhibitors reduce breast cancer incidence, their influence on endometrial cancer is uncertain.
METHODSThe authors investigated this issue in a cohort of 17,064 women who were diagnosed with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer in an...
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