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BACKGROUND:Breast cancer in men is rare, so clinical trials are not practical. Recommendations suggest treating men who are diagnosed with breast cancer using the guidelines for postmenopausal women; however, to date, no population‐based studies have evaluated patterns of care.
METHODS:To examine characteristics, treatment, and survival among men with newly diagnosed breast cancer, in 2003 and 2004,...
BACKGROUND:Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a rare subtype of melanoma that is characterized by malignant spindle cells separated by prominent, fibrocollagenous stroma. Primary melanomas either may be entirely desmoplastic or almost entirely desmoplastic (pure DM [pDM]) or may exhibit a desmoplastic component admixed with a nondesmoplastic component (combined DM [cDM]).
METHODS:Patients who were diagnosed...
BACKGROUND:A study was undertaken to analyze the survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients relative to age‐matched individuals in the general population and determine the age‐stratified utility of prognostic testing.
METHODS:All 2487 patients diagnosed with CLL between January 1995 and June 2008 and cared for in the Mayo Clinic Division of Hematology were categorized by age at diagnosis...
Primary extradural meningiomas (PEMs) represent about 2% of all meningiomas and are often encountered by non‐neurosurgeons. These lesions typically present as enlarging, painless, benign masses that can be surgically cured. Imaging is critical for defining involvement of adjacent structures; however, diagnosis depends on classic histologic patterns. Treatment for benign PEMs (WHO I) consists of resection...
BACKGROUND:Cancer biomarkers are the backbone for the implementation of individualized approaches to bladder cancer (BCa). Hyaluronic acid (HA) and all 7 members of the HA family, that is, HA synthases (HA1, HA2, HA3), HYAL‐1 hyaluronidase, and HA receptors (CD44s, CD44v, and RHAMM), function in tumor growth and progression. However, the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these 7 HA family members...
BACKGROUND:Little is known about the patterns of care relating to the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), including the use of modern diagnostic techniques such as flow cytometry.
METHODS:The authors used the SEER‐Medicare database to identify subjects diagnosed with CLL from 1992 to 2002 and defined diagnostic delay as present when the number of days between the first claim for a CLL‐associated...
BACKGROUND:Histopathological subtyping of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently relevant in treatment decision because of a differential activity of specific therapeutic agents. Immunohistochemistry highlights cell differentiation lineages and, in this study, it was applied to maximize the proportion of accurately subtyped NSCLC not otherwise specified (NOS) on fine‐needle aspiration cytology...
BACKGROUND:Flexible bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is performed widely for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in patients with cancer, but there is no consensus regarding the technical parameters of the lavage procedure in this setting.
METHODS:The authors evaluated the mechanics (instilled and recovered volumes), diagnostic yield, and safety of a standardized BAL protocol in 284...
BACKGROUND:Second cancers are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in long‐term survivors of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Studies on the impact of follow‐up for the first tumor on the outcome of second malignancies are lacking. The aim of this study was to study the details of diagnosis of second cancers and the role of focused oncology follow‐up.
METHODS:Medical records and the...
The term systemic mastocytosis (SM) encompasses a group of hematopoietic malignancies characterized by excessive proliferation of neoplastic mast cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and visceral organs. Most patients with SM, particularly those who present with aggressive clinical courses, carry somatic mutations of the v‐kit Hardy‐Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KIT) gene...
BACKGROUND:Currently, there are no established diagnostic and prognostic serum markers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the putative significance of serum cell‐free DNA.
METHODS:Preoperative serum samples from 200 consecutive patients with sporadic, solid renal tumors were analyzed (157 patients with RCC and 43 patients with benign renal tumors). Quantitative...
Many different factors can account for hemorrhagic complications in patients with malignancies. Potential etiologies include disease‐ or treatment‐related impairment of bone marrow function, or trauma to highly friable and vascularized malignant tissues. Immune impairment may also occur in solid or hematologic malignancies, leading to spontaneous formation of inhibitory antibodies against coagulation...
BACKGROUND:By using genome‐wide methylation screening, the authors identified ring finger protein 180 (RNF180) as preferentially methylated in cancer. This study was undertaken to clarify its structure and functional role in gastric cancer.
METHODS:The transcription start site and core functional promoter region of RNF180 were revealed by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends and luciferase activity...
BACKGROUND:We appraised 23 biomarkers previously associated with urothelial cancer in a case‐control study. Our aim was to determine whether single biomarkers and/or multivariate algorithms significantly improved on the predictive power of an algorithm based on demographics for prediction of urothelial cancer in patients presenting with hematuria.
METHODS:Twenty‐two biomarkers in urine and carcinoembryonic...
BACKGROUND:There is considerable uncertainty regarding the acceptability of routine distress screening.
METHODS:In an unfunded implementation study, the authors asked 50 clinicians (chemotherapy nurses and treatment radiographers/radiation technologists) to implement a screening program for distress as part of routine care and to record their feedback after each clinical encounter. In total, 379...
BACKGROUND:The early diagnosis of biliary tract cancer (BTC) remains challenging, and there are few effective therapies. This study investigated whether the M2 isotype of pyruvate kinase (M2‐PK), which serves as the key regulator of cellular energy metabolism in proliferating cells, could play a role in the diagnosis and therapy of BTC.
METHODS:Plasma and bile M2‐PK concentrations were measured by...
BACKGROUND:The monoclonal antibody PAM4 has high specificity for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as well as its precursor lesions, but has not been found to be reactive with normal and benign pancreatic tissues. The objective of the current study was to evaluate a PAM4‐based serum enzyme immunoassay alone and in combination with the carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 assay for the detection of...
BACKGROUNDFollow‐through of a positive screening test is necessary to reap the potential benefits of cancer screening. Racial variation in follow‐through diagnostic care may underlie a proportion of the known disparity in prostate cancer mortality. The authors used data from the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial to determine whether race is...
BACKGROUNDWomen have disproportionately higher mortality rates relative to incidence for bladder cancer. Multiple etiologies have been proposed, including delayed diagnosis and treatment. Guidelines recommend ruling out malignancy in men and women presenting with hematuria. This study sought to determine the difference in timing from presentation with hematuria to diagnosis of bladder cancer in women...
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