Luminescent metallo‐supramolecular polymers are a type of functional supramolecular architectures which integrates the advantages of emission, metal‐coordination, supramolecular chemistry as well as polymeric properties to realize advanced functions. Due to the abundant stimuli‐responsiveness of supramolecular assemblies and the light‐emitting properties, they have been widely applied as chemo‐sensors, light‐emitting devices, contrast agents for bio‐imaging, etc. In this review, we classify luminescent metallo‐supramolecular polymers based on the types of species (lanthanides, organometallic compounds, oligomer or polymer‐based ligands, small‐molecule‐based organic ligands) used to generate the luminescence and summarize recent developments of luminescent metallo‐supramolecular polymers. We mainly focus on the functions and applications of luminescent metallo‐supramolecular polymers and hope to give our reader a snapshot of research on luminescent metallo‐supramolecular polymers and encourage more scientists to devote into this promising area.