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Over the past several years, child advocates have been increasingly concerned about the rights of youth involved in the juvenile justice system. A recent article by the Juvenile Justice Information Exchange highlights juvenile detainees' inadequate access to legal counsel as one example, and many advocates stress the importance of juveniles' legal rights, noting a trend toward a more punitive and...
vulnerability of teens, especially boys, to alcohol and cigarette use across five international citiesthe effect of socioeconomic status on drinking behavior in young blacks and whites
In the field of early childhood mental health (ECMH), we emphasize that advancing one's own professional development comes directly from examining the experience of working with your young clients and their caregivers. And while this remains quite true, and a core tenet to the field of ECMH, I want to discuss an important lesson about professional roles for psychologists learned from colleagues in...
Chronic disabling fatigue, known as chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), can prevent school attendance and other activities, including hobbies and sports. Researchers looked at the effect of maternal and paternal factors and found that when the mother had anxiety or depression when the child was under age 6, there was an increased likelihood of developing chronic disabling...
Early in my career as a consultation‐liaison psychiatrist, I was very involved with the pediatric oncology service at the Children's Hospital at Stanford. This was an exciting time in the world of childhood cancer, as effective treatments were finally available, life expectancy was increasing dramatically, and long‐term survival had become a real possibility. I was fortunate to secure grant funding...
Slowly but inexorably, the concept of prevention of psychiatric illness is gaining traction in the United States. In the past, although no one seriously argued against the desirability of preventing mental health problems before they become disabling disorders, the appeal has been more theoretical than practical. Overall, 75% of our massive health care expenditures are attributable to chronic conditions,...
Conduct disorder in youth is associated with an increased risk for substance abuse, criminal behavior, and school problems; it also creates suffering and financial costs. A review from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) summarizes current data and looks at promising areas for research. Because treatment is usually focused on symptoms and not underlying problems, the researchers also highlighted...
Many questions come to mind when thinking of educational accommodations available for college students who have been diagnosed with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). What is the prevalence of college students with ADHD? How many of these cases were newly diagnosed in college as opposed to those with previous diagnoses carrying over from high school? What is the role of malingering and...
Autism spectrum disorder doesn't manifest itself suddenly; symptoms appear over time, with gaps between typical and atypical development widening as the child gets older. Children have both typical and atypical behaviors, but little is known about what the ratio of these behaviors is during the 10‐minute timespan of an average primary care visit.
Ally follows her mother wherever she goes. Lately, Ally's been more tearful about leaving for school in the morning and keeps complaining that her stomach hurts. Ally always thinks she's getting sick and worries every time she is around anyone who coughs or sneezes.
Researchers have found that even babies born at 32 to 36 weeks gestation are at increased risk for positive autism screens, that those risks persist when the screens are followed up by telephone interviews for greater specificity, and that even the children with false‐positive screens have impairments related to learning disabilities. They also found that there are very high false‐positive rates when...
Troubled by the fact that psychosocial concerns of children and adolescents are not being consistently identified, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released a remarkable clinical report in February that should go a long way toward improving things in this area. The report, “Promoting Optimal Development: Screening for Behavioral and Emotional Problems,” is aimed at pediatricians and primary...
Even though teens were less likely to think frequent marijuana use was risky, there was no increase in use, according to the results from the current Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey, released every year by the federal government. “We haven't seen increases, which we were afraid of,” said Nora Volkow, M.D., director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), which sponsors the study.
In a trial of medications, researchers found that depressed children of depressed mothers improved when the mothers received escitalopram treatment. However, results are preliminary, as there were no comparisons with psychotherapy or placebo groups. Most notably, though, mothers with anxiety and irritability, based on a very preliminary measure, had the greatest improvement in parenting functionality...
On April 15, 2013, two homemade pressure‐cooker bombs exploded near the finish line of the Boston Marathon. Three people, including an 8‐year‐old boy, were killed. Hundreds of others were seriously injured. The city of Boston was paralyzed by a gripping manhunt for two suspects — two brothers. Days later, 26‐year‐old Tamerlan Tsarnaev was killed during a shoot‐out with police following the death of...
With suicide the leading cause of death among teens in the United States, and having guns in the home an independent risk factor, researchers wanted to see if adolescents at risk for suicide would be less likely to have guns in the home. There are clear recommendations that access to guns be limited in the case of people at risk for suicide.
The role of duloxetine in reducing anxiety of youthsPossible prevention of eating disorders by school‐based programPreschoolers being prescribed psychotropic medications in Medicaid program
The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advised pregnant women across America that if they take prescription opioids, their babies might have birth defects. The message, issued in a January 22 press release to accompany a study of opioid analgesia prescribing in that week's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), also advises that women of reproductive age should not take...
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