The intraspecific chemical variability of essential oils (50 samples) isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia herba‐albaAsso growing wild in the arid zone of Southeastern Tunisia was investigated. Analysis by GC (RI) and GC/MS allowed the identification of 54 essential oil components. The main compounds were β‐thujone and α‐thujone, followed by 1,8‐cineole, camphor, chrysanthenone, trans‐sabinyl acetate, trans‐pinocarveol, and borneol. Chemometric analysis (k‐means clustering and PCA) led to the partitioning into three groups. The composition of two thirds of the samples was dominated by α‐thujone or β‐thujone. Therefore, it could be expected that wild plants of A. herba‐alba randomly harvested in the area of Kirchaou and transplanted by local farmers for the cultivation in arid zones of Southern Tunisia produce an essential oil belonging to the α‐thujone/β‐thujone chemotype and containing also 1,8‐cineole, camphor, and trans‐sabinyl acetate at appreciable amounts.