HIV infection is associated with a profound degree of immunological depletion that markedly increases the risk of lymphoma by up to 200‐fold, yet compromises our ability to deliver effective care to this patient population. Widespread availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has completely altered the prognosis for patients with AIDS‐related lymphoma by making intensive therapeutic approaches both safe and effective. Outcomes for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are equivalent between HIV‐infected and noninfected patients with non‐Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. We are in the process of verifying that allogeneic HCT also represents the standard of care for HIV‐infected patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. In the process, we continue to explore transplant‐based therapeutic approaches, including gene‐based therapeutics that may hold the promise of a path toward the eradication of HIV infection.