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Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for bladder cancer has been used since 1976 when the first evidence of its ability to lower recurrence and progression rates was published. Today, BCG immunotherapy is the choice of care for high‐grade non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection. This article presents indications and procedure of BCG instillations, and outlines...
This review aims to present data on the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and urinary bladder cancer (BC), especially of the subtype squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Furthermore, the current data on the relation between p16, HPV, and BC are reviewed. PubMed was searched for ‘Humans’ [MESH] AND ‘Papillomaviridae’ [MESH] AND ‘Urinary Bladder Neoplasms’ [MESH], resulting in 157 potential articles...
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the major causative factor of the rare but aggressive cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Two characteristics of MCPyV‐positive MCCs are integration of the viral genome and expression of a truncated version of one of its oncogenic proteins, namely large T antigen. The strong association of MCPyV with MCC development has incited researchers to further investigate...
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. The prevalence of BL is ten‐fold higher in areas with stable transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, where it is the most common childhood cancer, and is referred to as endemic BL (eBL). In addition to its association with exposure to P. falciparum infection, eBL is strongly associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection (>90%)...
Chronic inflammation can create a microenvironment that can contribute to the formation of prostate pathologies. Far less well understood is the origin of inflammation in the prostate. One potential source is microbial infections of the prostate. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the presence of bacteria in the prostate and the dysbiosis of bacterial populations in the urinary tract...
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the association between gut microbiota and prognosis after colorectal cancer surgery. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Studies examining the association between gut microbiota and survival after colorectal cancer surgery were identified...
Exhausted and dysfunctional T cells triggered by infection and cancer render the immune system unable to eliminate these pathogens. Pharmacologic blockade of the surface receptors that inhibit T‐cell function has shown remarkable success in patients with various malignancies. In this Review, we discuss the emerging evidence of inhibiting checkpoint pathways as a potential role in controlling or clearing...
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of gastric cancer. Although the prevalence of gastric cancer has declined throughout years due to improvement in early screening strategy, mortality due to gastric cancer has not changed. Incidence and mortality due to gastric cancer are higher in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Diagnosis and prognosis of...
The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between infectious agents and the development of cancer in the ocular adnexa. A comprehensive literary study was carried out, reviewing and summarizing previous reports on the topic. A broad range of malignancies of the ocular adnexa are associated with infectious agents. A strong association and possible causal relationship between the infectious...
HIV+ persons have a significantly increased risk of cancer when compared to the general population. The excess cancer risk observed during HIV infection is particularly higher for infection‐related malignancies. Mechanisms underlying this remain unclear, but both HIV‐related and HIV‐unrelated factors have been postulated to play a role. Here, we (i) review newly published data on cancer burden in...
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