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Skin tests are of paramount importance for the evaluation of drug hypersensitivity reactions. Drug skin tests are often not carried out because of lack of concise information on specific test concentrations. The diagnosis of drug allergy is often based on history alone, which is an unreliable indicator of true hypersensitivity.To promote and standardize reproducible skin testing with safe and nonirritant...
ObjectivesTo assess the associations of folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels of children at birth and their methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variants with asthma and eczema in childhood.
MethodsThis study was embedded in a population‐based prospective cohort study (n = 2,001). Neonatal cord blood folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels were measured, and MTHFRC677T and A1298C...
BackgroundEvidence exists that a farming environment in childhood may provide protection against atopic respiratory disease. In the GABRIEL project based in Poland and Alpine regions of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, we aimed to assess whether a farming environment in childhood is protective against allergic diseases in Poland and whether specific exposures explain any protective effect.
MethodsIn...
BackgroundAlthough atopic sensitization is one of the strongest risk factors for asthma, its relationship with asthma is poorly understood. We hypothesize that ‘atopy’ encompasses multiple sub‐phenotypes that relate to asthma in different ways.
MethodsIn two population‐based birth cohorts (Manchester and Isle of Wight – IoW), we used a machine learning approach to independently cluster children into...
BackgroundImmunotherapy for peanut allergy may be limited by the risk of adverse reactions.
ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and immunologic effects of a vaccine containing modified peanut proteins.
MethodsThis was a phase 1 trial of EMP‐123, a rectally administered suspension of recombinant Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3, modified by amino acid substitutions at major IgE‐binding epitopes, encapsulated...
BackgroundRecombinant allergens offer a tool for improving specific immunotherapy (SIT).
ObjectiveTo find the optimal dose of a new hypoallergenic folding variant of recombinant Bet v 1 (rBet v 1‐FV) as SIT for patients with birch pollen allergy.
MethodsBefore SIT, thirty‐seven adult patients were exposed for eight hours in an environmental exposure chamber (EEC) to birch pollen at an average concentration...
BackgroundIt is commonly acknowledged that asthma is exacerbated by viral infections. On the other hand, basophil infiltration of lung tissues has been evidenced postmortem in cases of fatal disease, raising the question of a possible link between these two observations.
ObjectivesHerein, we addressed the relationship between asthma exacerbation by viral infection and basophil activation and expansion...
BackgroundExposure to environmental hormones, such as alkylphenols, has been suggested to be associated with the development of asthma, but the mechanism of action remains unclear.
ObjectiveThis study examined the effect of 4‐nonylphenol (NP), one of the most important alkylphenols, on conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and adaptive T‐cell responses. It also explored the role of aryl hydrocarbon...
Allergic skin tests have to be performed 4–6 weeks after an allergic anesthetic reaction. Patients with allergic reactions during anesthesia were prospectively included (n = 44). Skin tests were performed in two stages: (i) Stage 1 (S1), 0–4 days after the reaction; and (ii) Stage 2 (S2), 4–8 weeks after. Five (11.5%) surgical procedures were suspended due to the reaction. Positive skin tests were...
BackgroundInterleukin‐31 is a cytokine expressed by activated T cells. A major function of IL‐31 in atopic dermatitis (AD) is the induction of pruritus in the skin. We recently showed that IL‐31 induces pro‐inflammatory cytokines following staphylococcal exotoxins’ stimulation in human macrophages. However, signalling pathways of IL‐31 in activated human macrophages still remain unclear. The aim of...
BackgroundChronic urticaria is a common disorder characterized by recurrent wheals, angioedema, or both. Several differential diagnoses need to be considered in patients presenting with wheals and/or angioedema. These include rare diseases such as autoinflammatory syndromes and urticarial vasculitis in patients with recurrent wheals and bradykinin‐mediated angioedema in patients with recurrent swellings...
BackgroundThe management of severe occupational asthma (OA) remains problematic and new alternative treatments providing better disease control are required, ideally enabling affected individuals to remain in their job.
MethodsTen patients with severe uncontrolled OA were treated with the monoclonal anti‐IgE antibody omalizumab. In six cases the causative agent was a high molecular weight (HMW) compound...
BackgroundPatients allergic to pollen have been known to become more symptomatic during pollen season compared with the nonpollen season. However, there are few studies regarding whether higher exposure to pollen might increase the prevalence of allergic diseases.
MethodsAn ecological analysis was conducted to evaluate whether pollen exposure is associated with the prevalence of allergic diseases...
Eotaxins and their receptor CCR3 have a definitive role for tissue accumulation of eosinophils both under homeostatic and pathologic conditions. However, physiological stimuli that can up‐regulate CCR3 in blood‐derived human eosinophils have not been recognized. As a prior gene microarray study revealed up‐regulation of CCR3 in eosinophils stimulated with retinoic acids (RAs), the expression of functional...
BackgroundEarly identification of the severity of asthma exacerbation would be helpful for the management of patients. We aimed to evaluate the correlation of morphological change in activated eosinophils and the severity of an asthma exacerbation.
MethodsBlood was collected from 55 asthmatic children: 40 of whom were having an exacerbation, 15 symptom‐free, and 15 healthy controls. The percentage...
The standard of care for allergies within a primary care (PC) setting has a strong influence on disease prevention and control, quality of life, and patient satisfaction. The level of knowledge of allergic diseases and the accessibility to regular follow‐up are essential. EAACI and IPCRG conducted a survey to evaluate the actual status of care for allergic diseases in PC. Access to allergy and asthma...
Several lines of evidence suggest that deficiency of eosinophils is not associated with any characteristic abnormality. Patients lacking eosinophils, in the setting of immunodeficiency or as a consequence of IgG‐mediated eosinophil precursor destruction, do not display any distinguishing abnormalities related to eosinophil reduction. The observation that eosinophil‐deficient mice do not display any...
BackgroundExposure to environmental endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with allergy, chronic inflammation, and immunodeficiency. Phthalates, the common EDCs used in plastic industry, may act as adjuvants to disrupt immune system and enhance allergy. Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are predominant cells secreting type I interferon (IFN) against infection and are professional antigen‐presenting...
BackgroundDesensitization to antineoplastic agents is becoming a standard of care. Efforts to establish and improve these techniques are being made at many institutions. Our aims are to evaluate a new rapid desensitization protocol designed to be shorter (approximately 4 h) and safer (reducing hazardous drugs exposure risks) and to assess the oxaliplatin‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a novel...
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