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Airway epithelial cells are the first to encounter aeroallergens and therefore have recently become an interesting target of many studies investigating their involvement in the modulation of allergic inflammatory responses. Disruption of a passive structural barrier composed of epithelial cells by intrinsic proteolytic activity of allergens may facilitate allergen penetration into local tissues and...
IntroductionAs replacement for the oral food challenge, decision‐points for sensitization test have been established, but suboptimal sensitivity and/or specificity, as well as regional differences, have reduced the clinical usability. IgE toward specific peanut protein components has been reported to be of value, but data on correlation with clinical data are sparse. Our aim was to correlate IgE values...
BackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is one of the most costly allergic conditions challenging physicians as well as patients and their families. Despite evident lacunae in the understanding of the pathogenesis, at least some findings suggest that psychosocial factors likely contribute to the development and exacerbation of CSU. We aim to assess the contribution of psychological factors to...
The immune system is regulated to protect the host from exaggerated stimulatory signals establishing a state of tolerance in healthy individuals. The disequilibrium in immune regulatory vs effector mechanisms results in allergic or autoimmune disorders in genetically predisposed subjects under certain environmental conditions. As demonstrated in allergen‐specific immunotherapy and in the healthy immune...
The efficacy of single‐allergen‐specific immunotherapy in polysensitized subjects is a matter of debate. We therefore performed a post hoc analysis of pooled data from six randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials (N = 1871) comparing the efficacy and safety of the SQ‐standardized grass allergy immunotherapy tablet (AIT), Grazax (Phleum pratense 75 000 SQ‐T/2800 BAU, ALK, Denmark), in mono‐...
BackgroundAlthough the contribution of basophils as inducers or amplifiers of Th2 responses is still debated, prolonged basophil/CD4 T cell interactions were observed in lungs but not lymph nodes (LNs) of parasite‐infected mice. However, the impact of basophils on the function of tissue CD4 effector T cells remains unknown.
MethodsBasophils were purified from the lungs of ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized...
Premarket, genetically modified (GM) plants are assessed for potential risks of food allergy. The major risk would be transfer of a gene encoding an allergen or protein nearly identical to an allergen into a different food source, which can be assessed by specific serum testing. The potential that a newly expressed protein might become an allergen is evaluated based on resistance to digestion in pepsin...
BackgroundAllergy is an acquired hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system mediated by cross‐linking of allergen‐specific IgE‐bound high‐affinity IgE receptors, leading to immediate mast cell degranulation. Artesunate is a semi‐synthetic derivative of artemisinin, an active component of the medicinal plant Artemisia annua. Artesunate is a clinically effective anti‐malarial drug and has recently...
BackgroundSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) plays a crucial role in homeostasis of the immune system by regulating lymphocyte recirculation and inflammatory cell recruitment. The levels of S1P are tightly controlled through regulated production and controlled breakdown by sphingosine‐lyase (SL). The S1P analogue FTY720 has been developed as an immunosuppressant in transplantation and tested as a treatment...
BackgroundPlatelet‐activating factor (PAF) causes wheal and flare responses which are abrogated by H1‐antihistamines giving rise to the hypothesis that PAF‐induced wheal development is secondary to histamine release from dermal mast cells. But is this hypothesis correct?
MethodsWheal and flare responses were induced by intradermal injection of PAF, codeine and histamine in 14 healthy volunteers....
BackgroundVitamin D levels are known to be associated with atopic disease development; however, existing data are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether corresponding maternal and cord blood vitamin D levels are associated with atopic outcomes in early infancy.
MethodsWithin the LINA cohort study (Lifestyle and environmental factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy...
BackgroundAsthma and rhinitis have been related to insomnia. The aim of this study was to further analyse the association between asthma, nasal symptoms and insomnia and to identify risk factors for sleep disturbance among patients with asthma, in a large population‐based set of material.
MethodIn 2008, a postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 45 000 adults in four Swedish cities. The...
BackgroundCypress allergy is a typical winter pollinosis and the most frequent one in the South of France. Main symptoms are rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Peach allergy is common too in Southern Europe. Allergic cross‐reactions between cypress and peach have been reported, including an oral allergy syndrome. We wanted to investigate whether a cross‐reactive allergen between cypress and peach...
BackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common skin disorder, but its clinical course reported so far is largely variable, probably due to the heterogeneity of the clinical background of patients and pathogenesis of this disease.
MethodsTo reveal the prognosis of refractory CSU, we retrospectively studied the patients who suffered from spontaneous urticaria for six weeks or longer at their...
BackgroundMast cells (MCs) and eosinophils (Eos), the key effector cells in allergy, are abundantly co‐localized particularly in the late and chronic stages of allergic inflammation. Recent evidence has outlined a specialized ‘allergic effector unit’ in which MCs and Eos communicate via both soluble mediators and physical contact. However, the functional impact of this bi‐directional crosstalk on...
Atopy patch tests (APTs) have been proposed for the diagnostic approach in children with non‐IgE‐mediated cow's milk allergy and gastrointestinal symptoms. We aimed to investigate the benefit of APTs in predicting oral tolerance in these patients. We prospectively evaluated 172 subjects with a sure diagnosis of non‐IgE‐mediated CMA and gastrointestinal symptoms (97 boys, 56.4%; age, 6.37 m; range,...
BackgroundWith the broad and increasing application of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinical settings, IgG‐induced allergic reactions, including passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA), have attracted significant attention. However, it is not clear which types of IgG mAb–antigen complexes or IgG aggregates formed by antigen binding can trigger PSA, as not all immune complexes (ICs) are capable...
BackgroundThe inflammatory phenotypes of severe asthma in adults may be reflected in peripheral blood. If this were true in children with severe therapy‐resistant asthma (STRA), invasive tests could be avoided. At the moment there is no conclusive evidence in children.
MethodsAll patients underwent blood tests, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), sputum induction, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and endobronchial...
Over the past two decades, our understanding of eosinophils has evolved from that of categorically destructive effector cells to include active participation in immune modulation, tissue repair processes, and normal organ development, in both health and disease. At the core of their newly appreciated functions is the capacity of eosinophils to synthesize, store within intracellular granules, and very...
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