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Epigenetic mechanisms provide new insights into how environmental changes may mediate the increasing propensity for complex immune diseases such as allergic disease. There is now strong evidence that early environmental exposures play a key role in activating or silencing genes by altering DNA and histone methylation, histone acetylation and chromatin structure. These modifications determine the degree...
Background: Pitrakinra is a recombinant protein derived from human interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) that binds to IL‐4Rα and acts as a competitive antagonist of IL‐4 and IL‐13. The studies reported here compare the dose‐ranging effects of pitrakinra on allergen‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway eosinophilia when administered subcutaneously (s.c.) or by inhalation to the Ascaris suum‐sensitive...
Background: This article investigated the prevalence of peanut allergy in three cohorts of children born in the same geographical location, Isle of Wight, UK and seeks to determine whether the prevalence of peanut allergy has changed between 1994 and 2004.
Methods: Three cohorts of children (age 3–4 years) born on the Isle of Wight, were assessed for peanut allergy and the outcomes compared: Cohort...
Background: Patent Blue V (PBV) is injected in order to map sentinel nodes during cancer staging procedures. Anaphylactic reactions, allegedly IgE antibody mediated, have been reported. The aim of the study was to explore the immunological mechanism of anaphylaxis to PBV.
Methods: PBV allergen threshold basophil sensitivity, CD‐sens, was performed on cells from nine patients diagnosed as having...
Background: The dye Patent Blue V (PBV) is increasingly used for staging procedures in operable breast cancer, but is reported to cause adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to present the clinical features and the results of follow‐up examinations in patients with such reactions.
Methods: We studied nine patients with hypersensitivity reactions to PBV between 1999 and 2006 who were identified...
Background: The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is the only in vitro test for detecting drug sensitization at the cellular level irrespective of the reaction’s phenotype. However, the LTT includes working with radioactive substances and is considered impracticable for routine laboratory investigation.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess drug‐specific cytokine production by means...
Background: The dramatic increase of IgE‐mediated allergic diseases in western countries demonstrates the urgent need for new therapeutic or prophylactic approaches. In mice, a prophylactic long‐lasting allergen‐specific suppression of IgE responsiveness is induced by maternal IgG antibodies to allergens like ovalbumin, phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) or ovomucoid. As neonatal application or maternally...
Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a skin disorder that is difficult to manage and can last for years. ‘Pseudoallergens’ are substances that induce hypersensitive/intolerance reactions that are similar to true allergic reactions. They include food additives, vasoactive substances such as histamine, and some natural substances in fruits, vegetables and spices. Eliminating pseudoallergens...
Background: This study reports the clinical and immunological state of patients 3 years after a 6‐year period of Xolair treatment for severe allergic asthma.
Methods: The patient’s cat allergen sensitivity, measured as CD‐sens, IgE and IgE‐ and IgG4 antibodies, was analysed and compared with asthma severity evaluated from FEV1 and a questionnaire.
Results: Three years after treatment with Xolair...
Background: Diisocyanate‐induced asthma (DIA) is known to be associated with poor prognosis. We wished to clarify if matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐7, ‐8 or ‐9 or tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP‐1) are associated with the functional or inflammatory outcome in DIA patients.
Methods: This is a longitudinal study where 17 patients with DIA diagnosed by a specific challenge test...
Background: Recent data suggest that the previously rising trend in childhood wheezing symptoms has plateaued in some regions. We sought to investigate sex‐specific trends in wheeze, asthma, allergic conditions, allergic sensitization and risk factors for wheeze.
Methods: We compared two population‐based cohorts of 7 to 8‐year olds from the same Swedish towns in 1996 and 2006 using parental expanded...
Background: Esophageal remodeling occurs in eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) patients but whether the components of remodeling in the subepithelium are reversible by administration of topical oral corticosteroids is unknown.
Methods: We quantitated the degree of lamina propria remodeling in esophageal biopsies obtained before and after at least 3 months of therapy with budesonide in 16 pediatric EE...
Background: Genetics of acute allergies has focused on identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes relevant in the pathogenesis. In this study, we begin a systems biology analysis of the interconnectivity and biological functions of these genes, their transcripts and their corresponding proteins.
Methods: The literature (Pubmed) was searched for SNPs within genes relevant in...
Background: L‐selectins on leukocytes and their counter‐receptors on endothelial cells have been shown to be involved in leukocyte recruitment in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (NP).
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression level of functionally active endothelial L‐selectin ligands in NP obtained from patients with NP of different etiology [simple NP, antro‐choanal...
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