American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics
Facial angiofibromas are a major diagnostic sign for tuberous sclerosis (TS) and MEN1, and the former is probably the first disease to be considered by a geneticist when such lesions are found. They occur in up to 90% of persons with TS and 40–80% of individuals with MEN1. Early onset facial angiofibromas that are not associated with any other systemic sign appear to be unusual, and their occurrence...
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia is caused by mutations in ANKH (ankylosis, progressive homolog [mouse]) in the majority of cases, and all of the reported mutations are single amino acid changes. Genomic DNA from an affected patient, his biological parents, and a sibling was amplified and ANKH was sequenced. The affected patient had a complex heterozygous mutation in exon 7 (c.936T > C, c.938C >...
Ade Nubia Xavier Pacanaro,
Denise Maria Christofolini,
Leslie Domenici Kulikowski,
Sintia Iole Nogueira Belangero,
more
Supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) may or may not be associated with an abnormal phenotype, depending on the presence of euchromatin, on their chromosomal origin and whether they are inherited. Over 80% of sSMCs are derived from acrocentric chromosomes and half of them include the short arm of chromosome 15. Generally, they appear as bisatellited isodicentric marker chromosomes, most of them...
Mutations in miRNA genes have been implicated in hearing loss in human families and mice. It is also possible that mutations in miRNA binding sites of inner ear targets alter gene expression levels and lead to hearing loss. To investigate these possibilities we screened predicted target genes of the miR‐183 miRNA cluster known to be expressed in the inner ear sensory epithelium. In one Iranian family...
Cold‐induced sweating syndrome (CISS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in CRLF1 (cytokine receptor‐like factor 1), characterized by profuse sweating in cold environmental temperature and craniofacial and skeletal features. Mutations in CRLF1 also cause Crisponi syndrome (CS), characterized by neonatal‐onset paroxysmal muscular contractions as well as craniofacial and skeletal...
We report on a 16‐month‐old girl with multiple swellings on her skull due to massive osteolysis, growth retardation, facial anomalies, and wrinkly skin with mosaic hypopigmentation. She also had severe hypercalcemia, which gradually returned to normal levels. The condition likely represents Gorham syndrome with systemic manifestations. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vici syndrome is a rare, genetically unresolved congenital multisystem disorder comprising agenesis of the corpus callosum, cataracts, immunodeficiency, cardiomyopathy, and hypopigmentation. An associated neuromuscular phenotype has not previously been described in detail. We report on an infant with clinical features suggestive of Vici syndrome and additional sensorineural hearing loss. Muscle biopsy...
Potocki–Shaffer syndrome is a rare contiguous gene deletion syndrome due to haploinsufficiency of the 11p11.2p12 region and is characterized by craniofacial abnormalities, developmental delay, intellectual disability, multiple exostoses, and biparietal foramina. In this study, six patients with the Potocki–Shaffer syndrome were identified and evaluated using a multidisciplinary protocol that included...
Alport syndrome with intellectual disability (ID) is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving several genes on Xq22.3 including COL4A5 and ACSL4. We report on a family with two males with this disorder and a Xq22.3 deletion. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and genomic analyses mapped the deletion region to between exon 1 of COL4A5 and exon 12 of ACSL4. The patients' mother has microscopic hematuria...
The 22q13.3 deletion syndrome results from loss of terminal segments of varying sizes at 22qter. Few genotype–phenotype correlations have been found but all patients have mental retardation and severe delay, or absence of, expressive speech. We carried out clinical and molecular characterization of 13 patients. Developmental delay and speech abnormalities were common to all and comparable in frequency...
Hypermobility type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (HT‐EDS) is a relatively frequent, although commonly misdiagnosed variant of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, mainly characterized by marked joint instability and mild cutaneous involvement. Chronic pain, asthenia, and gastrointestinal and pelvic dysfunction are characteristic additional manifestations. We report on 21 HT‐EDS patients selected from a group of 40 subjects...
CHARGE (Coloboma of the iris or retina, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retardation of growth and/or development, genital anomalies, ear anomalies) syndrome (OMIM #214800) affects about 1 in 10,000 children and is most often caused by chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein‐7 (CHD7) mutations. Inner ear defects and vestibular abnormalities are particularly common. Specifically, semicircular...
Biparietal foramina, characteristic of Potocki‐Shaffer syndrome, are evident on the skull X‐ray images; Exostoses of the diaphyseal portion of the right humerus are seen on the radiograph. See article by Swarr et al. in this issue.
CHARGE syndrome [coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retardation of growth and/or development, genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and ear abnormalities (including deafness)] is a genetic disorder characterized by a specific and a recognizable pattern of anomalies. De novo mutations in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) are the major cause...
Dopamine beta‐hydroxylase (DBH) deficiency is characterized by a lack of sympathetic noradrenergic function. Affected individuals exhibit profound deficits in autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function. The diagnosis of DBH deficiency is based on clinical findings, biochemical studies, and sequencing of DBH gene. We report here the characterization of a mosaic cytogenetic abnormality detected...