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Aims Research on drug dependence often involves the administration of drugs of abuse to experienced drug users under controlled laboratory conditions. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether participation in such research alters the frequency of heroin use by non‐treatment‐seeking opioid‐dependent volunteers after study completion.
Design Data were examined from four in‐patient...
Aims DSM‐IV drug use disorders, a major public health problem, are highly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, but little is known about the role of this comorbidity when studied prospectively in the general population. Our aims were to determine the role of comorbid psychopathology in the 3‐year persistence of drug use disorders.
Design and setting Secondary data analysis using waves 1 (2001–02)...
Aim To provide new insights into heroin users' eating patterns in order to inform nutritional interventions.
Design Seventy‐seven audio‐recorded in‐depth interviews which elicited detailed data on eating patterns.
Setting Community and residential drug services, pharmacies and peer support groups in Southern England, UK.
Participants Forty current or ex‐heroin users (21 men and 19 women), of whom...
Aims To determine whether substituting Seeking Safety (SS), a manualized therapy for comorbid substance use disorders (SUD) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for part of treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) improves substance use outcomes.
Design Randomized controlled effectiveness trial.
Settings Out‐patient Veterans Administration Health Care System SUD clinic.
Participants Ninety‐eight male military...
Aims To review research literature and available information on the extent and impacts of marketing, current policy response and the interests engaged in the policy debate in order to inform recommendations for policy change on alcohol marketing.
Methods Relevant literature, including systematic reviews and publicly available information (websites and participant observation) is reviewed and synthesized...
Aims To document accurately the amount of quitting, length of quit attempts and prevalence of plans and serious thought about quitting among smokers.
Design We used longitudinal data from 7 waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Four Country Survey (ITC‐4). We considered point‐prevalence data and cumulative prevalence over the 7 years of the study. We also derived annual estimates...
Aims To examine the literature pertaining to the diversion and misuse of pharmaceutical stimulants.
Methods Relevant literature was identified through comprehensive MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed searches.
Results The evidence to date suggests that the prevalence of diversion and misuse of pharmaceutical stimulants varies across adolescent and young adult student populations, but is higher than that...
Aim The study's objectives were to characterize initiation of injection drug use, examine the independent association of specific substance use with injection drug use and determine factors associated with rates of transition from first illicit drug use to first injection among a sample of rural Appalachian drug users.
Design Interview‐administered questionnaires were administered to a sample of...
Aims To examine the cost‐effectiveness of personal smoking cessation support in Vietnam.
Design, setting and participants We followed‐up the population aged 15 years and over in 2006 to model the costs and health gains associated with five interventions: physician brief advice; nicotine replacement therapy (patch and gum); bupropion; and varenicline. Threshold analysis was undertaken to determine...
Aims To examine the reciprocal effects between the onset and course of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and normative changes in personality traits of behavioral disinhibition and negative emotionality during the transition between adolescence and young adulthood.
Design Longitudinal–epidemiological study assessing AUD and personality at ages 17 and 24 years.
Setting Participants were recruited from...
Aims To review evidence on the effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in prison and post‐release.
Methods Systematic review of experimental and observational studies of prisoners receiving OMT regarding treatment retention, opioid use, risk behaviours, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence, criminality, re‐incarceration and mortality. We searched electronic...
Aim To determine whether declines in the prevalence of cannabis use in Australia have been accompanied by changes in age of onset of cannabis use.
Design A retrospective cohort study. To account for right censoring error we contrasted the mean age of onset for comparable age groups across the four surveys conducted from 1998 to 2007. Kaplan–Meier failure graphs were used to describe how the cumulative...
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