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This ‘For Debate’ paper starts by recognizing the growing trend towards considering alcohol dependence as a chronic relapsing disorder. We argue that the adoption of this model results from focusing on those in treatment for alcohol dependence rather than considering the larger number of people in the general population who meet criteria for alcohol dependence at some point in their lives. The majority...
Aims To describe current and recent changes in cigarette affordability across the current 27 European Union (EU) Member States, and to assess the impact of these changes on smoking prevalence in countries that were EU members in 2004 (old Member States) compared to countries that have joined since 2004 (new Member States).
Design Investigation of cigarette affordability using the minutes of labour...
Aims This study provides a systematic review of existing research that has empirically evaluated interventions designed to reduce stigma related to substance use disorders.
Methods A comprehensive review of electronic databases was conducted to identify evaluations of substance use disorder related stigma interventions. Studies that met inclusion criteria were synthesized and assessed using systematic...
Aims We investigated whether variants in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) influence smoking cessation rates using antidepressant therapy (i.e. bupropion and nortriptyline).
Design Pharmacogenetic (secondary) analysis of a randomized, placebo‐controlled efficacy trial of bupropion and nortriptyline for smoking cessation.
Setting Single‐centre study, Maastricht University, the Netherlands...
Aims According to the prevention paradox, a majority of alcohol‐related problems in a population can be attributed to low to moderate drinkers simply because they are more numerous than heavy drinkers, who have a higher individual risk of adverse outcomes. We examined the prevention paradox in annual alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol‐related problems among adolescents...
Aims Alcohol‐exposed pregnancies (AEP) are the direct cause of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This study examines drinking patterns among pregnant and non‐pregnant women of childbearing age in Russia, a country with one of the highest levels of alcohol consumption in the world.
Design Cross‐sectional survey.
Setting Seven public women's clinics in two locations: St Petersburg (SPB) and...
Aims To provide controlled data on direct induction with buprenorphine/naloxone (BNX) versus indirect buprenorphine (BPN)‐to‐BNX induction.
Design Phase 4, prospective, randomized, active‐drug controlled, parallel‐group trial consisting of a 2‐day, double‐blind, double‐dummy induction phase followed by 26 days of open‐label treatment with BNX.
Setting Nineteen sites in 10 European countries from...
Aims To investigate the relationship between intelligence measured at ages 18–19 and later alcohol‐related hospital admission and mortality among men, while controlling for possible confounders.
Design Cohort study.
Setting and participants A total of 49 321 Swedish men who were conscripted for military training in 1969–70 and followed until 2007.
Measurements Intelligence quotient (IQ) measured...
Aims To examine the associations between working hours and alcohol‐related problems during early adulthood.
Design and setting Longitudinal study of a birth cohort born in Christchurch, New Zealand in 1977 and studied to age 30.
Participants A total of 1019 participants with data available for working hours and alcohol‐related problems at either age 25 or 30.
Measurements Weekly working hours...
Aims To examine the proportion of self‐reported alcohol consumed by different gender and age groups in Brazil over the past year, and to examine whether the ‘prevention paradox’ applies to Brazilian data on alcohol‐related problems.
Design A multi‐stage cluster sample, representative of the Brazilian household population.
Setting This study was conducted in Brazil between November 2005 and April...
Aims Whether the selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitor sertraline at 200 mg/day delays relapse in recently abstinent cocaine‐dependent individuals.
Design The study involved a 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial with 2‐week residential stay followed by 10‐week out‐patient participation.
Setting Veterans Affairs residential unit and out‐patient treatment research program....
Aims Ketamine remains an important medicine in both specialist anaesthesia and aspects of pain management. At the same time, its use as a recreational drug has spread in many parts of the world during the past few years. There are now increasing concerns about the harmful physical and psychological consequences of repeated misuse of this drug. The aim of this review was to survey and integrate the...
Aims To examine associations of abstention, alcohol consumption and problem drinking with subsequent disability pensioning (DP), and whether previous excessive consumption (‘sick‐quitting’) could explain some of the increased risk for DP among abstainers.
Design Prospective population‐based study.
Setting and participants Data were from two waves of the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) linked...
Aims Problem gambling can create major financial, emotional and sometimes criminal problems for an individual. This study prospectively investigated the association between impulsive behavior at age 7 and the development of life‐time problem gambling by adulthood. We also examined the specificity of any observed association between impulsive behaviors and problem gambling by conducting parallel analyses...
Aims Adolescents with substance use disorders (SUD) have difficulties with cognitive, behavioral and affective regulation. White matter (WM) disorganization has been observed in adolescents with SUD and may be related to psychological dysregulation. This study compared adolescents with SUD and control adolescents to investigate relationships among psychological dysregulation, WM disorganization and...
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