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Aims To describe some of the variability across the world in levels of quit smoking attempts and use of various forms of cessation support.
Design Use of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project surveys of smokers, using the 2007 survey wave (or later, where necessary).
Settings Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Ireland, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand,...
Aims To compare clinical status, mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) rates, use of prevention of (PMTCT) interventions and pregnancy outcomes between HIV‐infected injecting drug users (IDUs) and non‐IDUs.
Design and setting Prospective cohort study conducted in seven human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Centres in Ukraine, 2000–10.
Participants Pregnant HIV‐infected...
Aims Treatment for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) may be delayed significantly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfected patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) for fear that its burden could compromise ART adherence. However, the effect such treatment has on ART adherence in observational settings remains largely unknown. Longitudinal data were used to investigate the relationship between...
Aims To examine mortality rates and causes of death among a cohort of substance‐using mothers and to identify risk factors that predict mortality.
Design, setting, participants This is a prospective study of a cohort of 4447 substance‐using mothers (pregnant or parenting) who were enrolled during 2000–02 in 40 drug abuse treatment programs across California.
Methods All mothers were assessed at...
Aims To review and analyse in experimentally controlled studies the impact of alcohol consumption on intentions to engage in unprotected sex. To draw conclusions with respect to the question of whether alcohol has an independent effect on the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Methods A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized...
Aims To assess the impact of retail displays of tobacco on tobacco smoking and purchase by smokers and attempting quitters.
Design Population‐based diary style survey.
Setting NSW, Australia.
Participants A total of 998 smokers and 111 attempting quitters.
Measurements Demographic measures and 4‐hourly records over 4 days: number of cigarettes smoked and bought; exposure to cigarette smoking...
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