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This paper provides a personal memoir of historical work at the Addiction Research Unit, in particular the genesis of the book Opium and the People. This topic had policy significance for US drug policy and a competing US study was funded. The development of the substance use history field is surveyed, and its expansion in recent times through a focused professional association and a critical mass...
AimsTo describe work undertaken over a 20‐year period, investigating overdose characteristics among survivors, effects of acute heroin administration, clustering of risk of overdose fatality and potential interventions to reduce this fatal outcome.
MethodsPrivileged‐access interviewers obtained data from non‐treatment as well as treatment samples; experimental study of drop in oxygen saturation following...
This paper describes the political origins of the National Treatment Outcomes Research Study (NTORS) and the outputs and impacts of the study. NTORS was designed to meet the request of the Health Secretary and of a Government Task Force for evidence about the effectiveness of the national addiction treatment services. NTORS was a prospective cohort study which investigated outcomes over a 5‐year period...
Aims
To examine state alcohol control policy implementation by policy efficacy and intent.
Design
A descriptive longitudinal analysis of policy implementation.
Setting
The United States, 1999–2011.
Participants
Fifty states and the District of Columbia.
Measurements
Twenty‐nine state‐level policies were rated based on an implementation rating (IR; range = 0.0–1.0) gathered from the Alcohol Policy...
Aim
In France, following a long‐term decline in smoking prevalence, an increase in smoking was observed between 2005 and 2010, an unusual occurrence in countries in the ‘mature’ stage of the smoking epidemic. By contrast, smoking prevalence in England, the neighbouring country, continued its long‐term decline.
Methods
We identified and translated recent reports on smoking and tobacco control in...
Background and AimsResearch shows that essential/precursor chemical controls have had substantial impacts on US methamphetamine and heroin availability. This study examines whether US federal essential chemical regulations have impacted US cocaine seizure amount, price and purity—indicators of cocaine availability.
DesignAutoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)‐intervention time–series analysis...
AimTo describe and analyse the Finnish gambling market, regulatory system and the state of gambling research as well as the treatment system in operation for problem gamblers.
MethodA review of the literature and official documents relating to gambling in Finland, focusing primarily on the 1990s and 2000s.
ResultsOnly in recent years have gambling problems become a major issue for public debate in...
The proliferation of vaporization (‘vaping’) as a method for administering cannabis raises many of the same public health issues being debated and investigated in relation to e‐cigarettes (e‐cigs). Good epidemiological data on the prevalence of vaping cannabis are not yet available, but with current trends towards societal approval of medicinal and recreational use of cannabis, the pros and cons of...
AimsTo provide an overview of the gambling landscape and gambling‐related problems in France, including the history, legislation, gambling policy and epidemiological data on excessive gambling.
MethodA literature review, using Medline, PsycInfo and Toxibase/OFDT databases, based on the systematic monitoring of scientific literature since 2008 (including French and international papers).
ResultsSince...
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