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Background and aimsPrevious research demonstrates that the number of problems related to each additional drink consumed on any drinking occasion, dose–response, varies non‐linearly across average drinking quantities. We test predictions from a dynamic model of drinking behavior that locates this heterogeneity in drinkers’ efforts to equilibrate between costs and benefits of use.
DesignEquations derived...
AimsTo estimate mortality rates among treated opioid‐dependent individuals by cause and in relation to the general population, and to estimate the instantaneous effects of opioid detoxification and maintenance treatment (MMT) on the hazard of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.
DesignPopulation‐based treatment cohort study.
SettingLinked mortality data on all individuals first enrolled in publicly...
AimsWithin a parent study examining ovarian hormone effects on smoking cessation in women, we conducted an exploratory short‐term trial of varenicline versus transdermal nicotine patch.
DesignDouble‐blind double‐dummy randomized trial.
SettingSingle‐site out‐patient research clinic in the United States.
ParticipantsFemale smokers, ages 18–45 years and averaging ≥10 cigarettes per day for at least...
AimsTo formulate harmful dysfunction (HD) diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and test whether they increase validity relative to standard DSM criteria, as evidenced by lowered prevalence, increased validator levels including service use, severity and family history and enhanced specificity.
DesignDSM‐IV AUD, DSM‐IV dependence, DSM‐5 AUD and HD AUD definitions were compared on eight...
AimsTo examine rates of smoking cessation among people with last year substance use disorder (SUD) and how these rates differ among those that have ever received SUD treatment, those who have never received treatment and those who received last year out‐patient and/or in‐patient treatment.
DesignCross‐sectional study based on 2009–12 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).
Setting and ParticipantsA...
AimsTo estimate the relationship between per capita alcohol consumption and youth drinking in Sweden during the last 40 years and to estimate the relationship between female and male youth drinking during the 40‐year study period.
Design, setting, participants and measurementsPer capita alcohol consumption was proxied by official sales data, supplemented by data on unrecorded consumption. Youth consumption...
Background and AimsRelapse to addiction following incarceration is common. We estimated the feasibility and effectiveness of extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) as relapse prevention among opioid‐dependent male adults leaving a large urban jail.
DesignEight‐week, proof‐of‐concept, open‐label, non‐blinded randomized effectiveness trial.
SettingNew York City jails and Bellevue Hospital Center Adult...
Background and aimsAddictive behaviours are among the greatest scourges on humankind. It is important to estimate the extent of the problem globally and in different geographical regions. Such estimates are available, but there is a need to collate and evaluate these to arrive at the best available synthetic figures. Addiction has commissioned this paper as the first of a series attempting to do this...
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