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Background and Aims
Twin and family studies suggest that genetic influences are shared across substances of abuse. However, despite evidence of heritability, genome‐wide association and candidate gene studies have indicated numerous markers of limited effects, suggesting that much of the heritability remains missing. We estimated (1) the aggregate effect of common single nucleotide polymorphisms...
Background and aims
Previous studies suggest that the new DSM‐5 criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) will increase the apparent prevalence of AUD. This study estimates the 12‐month prevalence of AUD using both DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 criteria and compares the characteristics of men in a high risk sample who meet both, only one and neither sets of diagnostic criteria.
Design, setting and participants...
Aims
U.S. studies contribute heavily to the literature about the tax elasticity of demand for alcohol, and most U.S. studies have relied upon specific excise (volume‐based) taxes for beer as a proxy for alcohol taxes. The purpose of this paper was to compare this conventional alcohol tax measure with more comprehensive tax measures (incorporating multiple tax and beverage types) in analyses of the...
Background and Aims
Modelling the population impact and cost‐effectiveness of smoking cessation aids is limited by lack of knowledge about how the use of aids changes across quit attempts. Here we test whether the quit method used in a previous attempt influences (i) future decisions to quit and/or (ii) treatment/s used during subsequent attempts.
Design and Setting
Data came from the Smoking Toolkit...
Background and Aims
Large cohort studies on smoking and mortality in elderly people are scarce, and few studies examined smokers aged 85+ years separately. We estimated the risks of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality due to smoking in an elderly Chinese cohort in Hong Kong.
Design
A population‐based prospective cohort of 65 510 Chinese enrolled from 1998 to 2001 and followed until May 2012....
Aims
Increased expectations for the use of evidence‐based methods in addiction treatment have fueled a debate regarding the relative importance of ‘specific’ versus ‘common’ factors in treatment outcome. This review explores the influence of these factors on addiction treatment outcome.
Methods
The authors review and link findings from four decades of research on specific and general factors in...
The World Health Organization estimates that 1 billion people will die from tobacco‐related illnesses this century. Most health‐care providers, however, fail to treat tobacco dependence. This may be due in part to the treatment ‘default’. Guidelines in many countries recommend that health‐care providers: (i) ask patients if they are ‘ready’ to quit using tobacco; and (ii) provide treatment only to...
Aims
The Randomized Injectable Opioid Treatment Trial (RIOTT) compared supervised injectable heroin (SIH) and supervised injectable methadone (SIM) with optimized oral methadone (OOM) (ISRCTN0133807). Heroin addicts (previously unresponsive to treatment) made significant reductions in street heroin use at 6 months when treated with SIH. We now examine secondary outcomes.
Design
Multi‐site randomized...
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