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Aims
To describe gender differences in alcohol consumption, purchasing preferences and alcohol‐attributable harm. To model the effects of alcohol pricing policies on male and female consumption and hospitalizations.
Design
Epidemiological simulation using the Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model version 4.
Setting and Participants
Adults aged 18+ years, England.
Interventions
Three alcohol pricing...
Aims
To analyse content and emission data submitted by manufacturers for nicotine‐containing vaping products in the United Kingdom (UK) in accordance with the European Union Tobacco Products Directive.
Design
Analysis of ingredient and emission data reported for all e‐liquid‐containing e‐cigarettes, cartridges or refill containers notified to the Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency (MHRA)...
Background and Aims
Past research has found that young smokers are more likely to make quit attempts; however, there are conflicting findings regarding age and quit success. This study examined the degree to which smoker age is related to making quit attempts and quit success.
Design
Ten waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Cohort survey (ITC‐4C) collected between 2002 and 2014, with...
Aim
This study aimed to examine if there is an interaction between alcohol use and human development in terms of their associations with alcohol‐attributable health harms.
Design
Statistical modelling of global country‐ and region‐specific data from 2016.
Setting
Global.
Participants/Cases
The units of the analyses were countries (n = 180) and regions (n = 4) based on their Human Development...
Background and Aims
A previous research study concluded that wine and beer labelled as lower in strength increase consumption compared with the same drinks labelled as regular strength. The label included both a verbal and numerical descriptor of strength. The present study aimed to estimate the effect of each of these label components.
Design
Adaptive, parallel group randomised controlled trial,...
Background/aims
Research linking orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) structure and substance use disorders (SUDs) is largely correlational and often implies a causal effect of addiction/substance exposure on the brain, but familial risk factors (e.g. genetic liability) may confound these associations. We tested whether associations between alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use disorders and OFC thickness reflected...
Background and Aims
The Licensing Act 2003 deregulated trading hours in England and Wales. Previous evaluations have focused upon consumption and harm outcomes, finding mixed results. Several evaluations speculated on the reasons for their results, noting the role of changes in the characteristics of drinking occasions. This study aimed to test proposed mechanisms of effect for the Licensing Act...
Background and Aims
Although genome‐wide association studies have identified many loci that influence smoking behaviors, much of the genetic variance remains unexplained. We characterized the genetic architecture of four smoking behaviors using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability (h2SNP). This is an estimate of narrow‐sense heritability specifically estimating the proportion of phenotypic...
Aims
Theory‐driven, exploratory study to: (i) identify a reward drinking phenotype in young adults; (ii) evaluate this phenotype as a predictor of naltrexone response; and (iii) examine mechanisms of naltrexone in reward drinkers.
Design
Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
Setting
USA.
Participants
A total of 128 young adult (ages 18–25) heavy drinkers.
Interventions
Naltrexone...
Background and Aims
There has been an increase in the potency of cannabis during the last two decades and adoption of a novel method of administration—vaping. YouTube, a social media platform, has become a popular source to access cannabis‐related information. This study aimed to identify cannabis vaping YouTube videos from 2016 to 2020 and examine the themes and metrics.
Design
Cross‐sectional...
Background and Aims
Opioid use and chronic pain are prevalent in the veteran population. Collaborative care enhances coordination between patients and their care teams, and motivational interviewing (MI) is a communication style designed to facilitate behavior change. This study evaluated the use of collaborative care with MI (CCMI) with patients with chronic pain and high‐risk prescription opioid...
Background and Aims
Cannabis is commonly used among people who drink alcohol, but evidence suggests a nuanced relationship between alcohol consumption and cannabis use. In particular, among individuals undergoing alcohol treatment the impact of cannabis on alcohol intake may depend upon cannabis use frequency. We aimed to test the effects of within‐day cannabis use on total drinks consumed and likelihood...
Background and aims
Solitary drinking in adolescents and young adults is associated with greater risk for alcohol problems, but it is unclear whether this association exists in older demographics. The current paper is the first meta‐analysis and systematic review, to our knowledge, to determine whether adult solitary drinking is associated with greater risk for alcohol problems.
Methods
PsychINFO,...
This narrative review provides a summary of the impact of tobacco smoking on the respiratory system and the benefits of smoking cessation. Tobacco smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of death world‐wide and a major risk factor for lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking is also associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections and appears to be related...
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