This paper focuses on the problem of adaptive control for a class of pure‐feedback nonlinear systems with full‐state time‐varying constraints and unmodeled dynamics. By introducing a one‐to‐one nonlinear mapping, the constrained pure‐feedback nonlinear system with state and input unmodeled dynamics is transformed into unconstrained pure‐feedback system. The controller design based on the transformed novel system is proposed by using a modified dynamic surface control method. Dynamic signal and normalization signal are designed to handle dynamical uncertain terms and input unmodeled dynamics, respectively. By adding nonnegative normalization signal into the whole Lyapunov function and using the introducing compact set in the stability analysis, all signals in the whole system are proved to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and all states can obey the time‐varying constraint conditions. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.