Child maltreatment (CM) was seldom addressed by the judicial system until the late 1970s and early 1980s. This chapter includes a discussion of CM as related to definitions, types, predictors, prevalence rates, and consequences. Most states acknowledge four types of CM: neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional/psychological abuse. Among the various guidelines for identifying emotional abuse of children presented in the chapter, spurning, terrorizing, and witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) are some of them. On the basis of the CM 2009 report, approximately 3.6 million children were the subject of CPS report in the United States. An important issue in both preventing and treating CM is the identification of victim characteristics and risk factors. Most adults who perpetrate CM are caregivers. Early models of explanation for child sexual abuse (CSA) are hormones and severe mental disorders such as psychosis, brain damage, and mental retardation as mediators of CSA.