Biological structures from proteins through viruses to cellular organelles with dimensions of 1 to 100 nm require molecular self-assembly and self-organization to form nanostructures. In contrast to covalent bonding, noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic association involve lower bond energies (2–20 kcal/mol) to attain the mobility and fluidity properties of biological structures. Noncovalent interactions are also well-known with amphiphilic molecules bearing both hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic groups and are responsible for the formation of several types of self-assemblies such as micelles, liquid crystals, and lipid bilayers. As typical amphiphiles with a glycerin skeleton as a C-3 building block, alkyl glyceryl ethers and their derivatives have been of interest since they show unique self-assembly structures such as liquid crystals with hitherto unknown character.