Because physical activity of children and adolescents in industrialized countries has decreased dramatically, and subsequent obesity has grown to an “epidemic,” information and prevention regarding cardiocirculatory and musculoskeletal risk factors are a major topic in sports medicine evaluation and counseling. Besides the medical history, clinical examination, and 12-lead electrocardiogram, modern sports medicine evaluations increasingly incorporates medical imaging, motor testing, and vision and hearing examinations, especially in the context of accident prevention. Athletes may receive sports medicine evaluations for mandatory reasons or voluntarily before participation and often present without substantial disease symptoms. For this reason, systematic evaluation of sport-specific load and injury patterns and guidance regarding sports and everyday physical activity are mandatory. A preventive approach to sports medicine consultation provides a valid basis for a comprehensive analysis of health resources, deficiencies, and sport-related impairments, and should therefore be regarded as important for successful sports participation.