Thirteen species of freshwater shrimps from the Xishuangbanna region of Yunnan Province, southern China, are recognised. Of these, three are atyids: Caridina banna, new species, Caridina menghaiensis, new species and Neocaridina denticulata sinensis (Kemp, 1918a); 10 are palaemonids: Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849), M. superbum (Heller, 1862), M. inflatum Liang & Yan, 1985, M. dienbienphuense Dang & Nguyen, 1972, M. pilosum, new species, M. eriocheirum Dai, 1984, M. amplimanus, new species, M. rosenbergii dacqueti (Sunier, 1925), M. yui Holthuis, 1950 and Palaemonetes sinensis (Sollaud, 1911). Morphological descriptions for new species, diagnoses for poorly known species, and systematic discussions for all species are provided. A general discussion with a key for all species is included.