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5th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems Paris, France, July 4–8, 1994 Selected Papers
We propose an approach to approximate classical reasoning via well-known theorem-proving techniques. Unlike other approaches, our approach takes into acconnt the interplay of knowledge bases and queries and thus allows for query-sensitive approximate reasoning. We demonstrate that our approach deals extremely well with the examples found in the literature. This reveals that conventional theorem-proving...
The aims of this paper are twofold: First, we review the automated deduction method for normal multi-modal logics which has shown to be the most general and fruitful, namely translation into first-order theories, and more precisely, the functional translation into equational theories with ordered sorts Second, to show how this method can be extended to monotonic modal logics through a translation...
In this paper one presents a system for introducing assertions in a knowledge base (kb). These assertions are represented as formulae of Predicate Calculus (PC) whose variables are annotated by concepts of Terminological Logic (TL). The system answers questions by using methods of inference both from PC and TL. The terminological language used is characterized by a fuzzy treatment of concepts. The...
Explanations for symptoms can be selected using a variety of criteria. When numerical information is scarce, approaches which depend on partial orders could be of value. The problem of generating explanations for symptoms when only preference relationships between possible causes is considered. The lack of information leads to large number of possible solutions and control of the reasoning process...
Logic programming languages such as Prolog are widely used. A clear shortcoming of these languages is that every predicate can take only two truth values. A natural development is to consider that predicates could have many possible values. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to present an interpreter for infinitely-valued propositional logic programming. Some issues concerning the efficiency of...
Halpern and Moses' theory on epistemic states and minimizing knowledge is a formalism with which one can infer what is known and, more importantly, what is unknown by an agent. This formalism has been used up to now in a classical two-valued framework. In this paper we formulate an extension of it when the underlying logic is many-valued, in order to deal with knowledge possibly pervaded with fuzziness...
In this paper, we incorporate in diffraction and wave nature for the ultrasound propagation in a fractal structure. Ultrasound propagation in a fractal and inhomogeneous medium causes chaotic scattering. This gives rise to chaotic fractal images. We call this chaotic imaging. This has application in medical imaging as human heart and human brain are known to have fractal structure. The mathematical...
A new chaotic mechanism is found to cause perspective reversal for ambiguious patterns. And the new senario to cause perspective reversal is proposed with use of chaos, by reexamining the psychological parameters of schema. The psychological parameters are incorporated into a PDP schema model proposed by Rumelhart et al., and a simple one-dimensional map is derived in a mean-field approximation. The...
Application of chaos theory to medicine has yielded intriguing and controversial results. In this paper, a continuous conjecture for the solution of the Poincaré equation suggests that chaos provides a framework for the measurement of disorder within a system. However, as demonstrated by the behavior of the continuous versus the discrete approach to chaos, the general use of the term chaos must be...
Previously, we showed how the problem of the strange attractors (SA) did not only concern the nature of their dynamics and how the aim of the control did not depend only on the fact that such a dynamics was considered as favorable or wrong for the functioning of the system modeled by these SA. The topology in the phase space of a SA is as much important, because the ergodic theory allows us to take...
Software reuse is widely recognized as a solution to improving software productivity, quality and reliability. While there have been high expectations for the benefit of software reuse, the actual gain has been relatively small. One of the problems is that code components are typically developed with an application-orientation without consideration of reuse. As a result, they are generally difficult...
Object-oriented concepts facilitate the reusability as well as the maintainability of existing software. Due to the great amount of existing procedural software, object identification in procedural programs is an important approach. The object recovery process for this identification of objects within procedural programs presents several uncertainties and ambiguities, which have to be resolved by...
Although software reuse research has borrowed extensively from artificial intelligence techniques and methods, there has been little explicit discussion in reuse research of uncertainty management, an area of critical importance in many AI applications. Yet several fundamental reuse issues, particularly in domain analysis methods and processes, can be usefully framed as problems of uncertainty. This...
Software reuse is an important new technology with the potential to increase software productivity dramatically. While software reuse is possible at each stage of the software life-cycle, code reuse could offer benefits in terms of reduced development time. This paper examines the nature of reusable code, focusing on measures of understandability of code, the assumption that code which is easy to...
This paper describes a transformation system for numerical algorithms. This system takes as a specification, a simple and clear algorithm manipulating entities represented by a data structure, and generates another, equivalent algorithm that manipulates the same entities but represented differently by another data structure. The output algorithm is less clear and more complex than the input one, but...
Software retrieval constitutes — in spite of several advances — still a practical problem for software reuse. This might be partly due to the fact that the fuzzy representation of a program sketch, as it emerges in the programmers mind, has little to do with the more abstract specifications needed by current retrieval tools. This paper shows how to augment retrieval features of software repositories...
We apply our Pixel-based object labeling method to the problem of indexing images. Our method is a means to assign an object label to each pixel in out-door scenes. It is suitable for automatic object labeling and applicable to automatic indexing problems. The recognition rate of our method is about 77%. To apply our method to the problem of indexing, we introduce a pictorial query method for...
We propose an approach to object recognition based on low level image pattern features. This approach is intended to avoid creating complex high level object model. Our goal is to achieve “quick and (possibly) rough” object recognition from images. An object is defined by a collection of patterns and relations among them. A pattern is a visual clue to an object, such as color, edges texture, etc....
The goal of the described work is to model visual articulation movements of prototypic speakers with respect to custom-made text A language-wide extension of the motion model leads to a visible speech synthesis and further more to an artificial computer trainer for speechreading. The developed model is based on a set of specific video key-pictures and the interpolation of interim pictures. The key-picture...
Numerous AI planning applications and real-time system scheduling problems do not fit the traditional scenarios of the scheduling literature; instead, they are better expressed in terms of the temporal interval relations between the tasks. Given a set of tasks and a set of constraints expressed in terms of the atomic temporal interval relations, the problem of finding the shortest consistent schedule...
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