A wide variety of risk factors contribute to erectile dysfunction (ED). Many of these risk factors are treatable yet go unrecognized. Further, many of the treatments of these risk factors have also been implicated in causing the disease. Thus, the treatment of ED may be a complicated issue for the general practitioner. The majority of this chapter focuses on the correlation between cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction. A major benefit of screening for ED is that it may lead to early diagnosis of subclinical cardiovascular disease, alerting the clinician to potential treatment intervention in these patients.