Bronchoscopy plays a significant role in pulmonary oncology. Due to technological advances, such as the introduction of autofluorescence bronchoscopy, navigation techniques and endobronchial ultrasound, bronchoscopy has become the most important tool in the diagnostics and mediastinal staging of lung cancer. Furthermore, bronchoscopy is of great importance in the treatment of minimally invasive early lung cancer as well as of locally advanced tumors. Tumor-related hemoptysis, malignant central airway obstruction and tracheoesophageal fistula are indications for an urgent bronchoscopic intervention. Various endoscopic techniques are available for the management of these accompanying complications of lung cancer.