Data on the liquid product composition of the thermal degradation of the organic matter of an oil shale sample from the Chim-Loptyugskoe deposit in benzene under supercritical conditions in temperature ranges to 200, 200–300, and 300–400°C were acquired with the use of a set of analytical methods. It was found that the concentration of tar–asphaltene substances in the pyrolyzates decreased with temperature; in the structure of these substances, the fraction of aromatic fragments increased and the fraction of aliphatic fragments decreased. The fraction of polar compounds in the composition of oil components decreased.