Carbon-nanotube shaped reinforcement (CSR) and traditional latitude and longitude reinforcement (LLR) made of tough resin were 3D printed and applied to concrete specimens. The element numbers of 10, 12, and 14 per layer were selected to investigate the reinforcement by CSR and LLR separately. The uniaxial compressive behaviors of the CSR and LLR reinforced concrete specimens were studied by a series of laboratory tests. The experimental results indicate that the strength of a CSR reinforced specimen with 10, 12, and 14 elements per layer increases by 59.77%, 85.94%, and 108.98%, respectively, compared with the unreinforced specimen. The strength of the LLR reinforced specimen with 10, 12, and 14 elements per layer increases by 24.22%, 46.88%, and 68.75%, respectively, compared with the unreinforced specimen. CSR thus demonstrates higher efficiency in compressive strength improvement than LLR does. The results also show that the failure pattern changes from global failure to partial failure as the element number per layer of CSR increases. The present research provides a potential innovative reinforcing technology for civil engineering applications.