Wear and high–low temperature resistance composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties were preparation by carbon fiber (CF) reinforced silicone rubber (MVQ)/fluorine rubber (FKM), the coupling agent was used as a compatibilizer. The effect of coupling agent type and content on mechanical properties of CF/MVQ/FKM composites was investigated, the interaction between coupling agent and composites was studied by infrared spectrum and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy, the surface morphology and phase composition of composites were observed by atomic force microscope and infrared imaging technology, the thermal properties of composites were studied by dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the coupling agents crosslinked with CF and matrix, the best coupling agent was (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (KH590), and the content was 2 phr (parts per hundred rubber), the wear of KH590/CF/MVQ/FKM composites decreased from 0.0314 to 0.0283 cm3 km−1, the Tg reduced from – 20 to − 34 °C, the initial decomposition temperature increased from 231 to 304 °C compared with FKM.