China has been characterized by sharp regional differences in quality of higher education. Using the data from a field survey on the entrepreneurial intentions of Chinese college students, this work adopts the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method to assess the extent and the determinants of the disparity of entrepreneurial intentions of college students from rural and urban areas. The analysis shows that both endowment and coefficient effects contribute to the rural–urban gap in entrepreneurial intentions of college students. This suggests that, though the different entrepreneurial intentions are mainly the result of the different personal qualities, more profound works are required to encourage the entrepreneurial intentions of college students from rural and urban areas.