When analysing banking market structures, the financial market crisis is a turning point, a fundamental structural break. That applies even if one talks about savings banks in Germany, which were not involved in the outbreak and the course of the crisis. As a consequence, the financial market crisis changed the view of the structures of banking markets. Accordingly, Chapter 2 discusses the importance of regionally oriented credit institutions in financing small and medium-sized enterprises. Chapter 3 describes institutional details of the savings banks in Germany as well as their integration into a financial network. A special feature of the socio-political dimension is the public mandate of the savings banks and related elements of economic and social services of general interest (Chapter 4). In the light of current debates, Chapter 5 outlines the necessity for a regulatory Unlevel Playing Field, concretized in the concept of the Small and Simple Banking Box.