Cancer patients will become one of the largest patient groups in the German health care system. Therefore, more oncology nurses will be needed, and these experts must possess a wide range of knowledge and skills. The field of oncology there become more complex, with many new therapies and drugs and associated side effects. The trend toward out-patient treatment demands new tasks from oncology nurses. Supportive care and patient counseling/education will be central competences of oncology nurses. If oncology nurses get the chance to use their competences, it will not only be beneficial for the quality of care and satisfaction of cancer patients, but also promote job satisfaction among cancer nurses, thus urging them to stay in their profession.