Catalytic reaction engineering offers a rational approach to quantify the simulation, design, and performance of the industrial catalytic processes. The involved methods follow a multiscale approach that spans from molecular size to the reactor scale. The biocatalysis, which deals with microorganisms and enzymes, can be considered a special case of heterogeneous catalysis and therefore the simulation and control of the involved reactors is faced starting from the basic knowledge on the enzymatic kinetics and cell growth dynamics. The bacterial metabolic processes, converting available row materials into the building blocks needed to sustain the cellular formation and growth, trigger the interest towards a new catalytic approach in which the microbial organisms are utilized as factories for the bioconversion of renewable resources to fuels or high-value chemicals.