Socio-demographic factors and economic resources can help to explain why some older people may be more economically vulnerable than others in developing countries. Drawing on data from a representative sample of urban households from the 2010 Nigerian General Household Panel Survey (NGHPS), this study examines economically vulnerable older persons in Nigeria using a log-linear regression model to identify determinants of economic vulnerability. Socio-demographic factors such as age, household size, household structure, and regional location accounted for significant economic capacity differences among older groups in urban settings. This article discusses some policy options for improving the welfare of economically vulnerable older people in Nigeria.