This study examined the association between levels of marketization at the province level and individuals’ likelihood of successful aging in China. We merged individual-level data collected from the 2000 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) with province-level data from various statistical yearbooks of China. The sample included 11,199 oldest-old from 22 provinces. Successful aging was dichotomously measured following Rowe and Kahn’s framework. Levels of marketization were indicated by the proportion of non-state-owned sector employees in the province. Two-level random intercept logistic regression models were estimated. The results indicated a positive association between levels of marketization of the province where older persons resided and their odds of successful aging, controlling for individuals’ socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and childhood health-related conditions. Furthermore, this positive association was more pronounced for non-elites than for former elites. More research is needed to understand the potential causal nature of the relationship between levels of marketization and successful aging.