The paper presents results of mathematical modelling of plastic deformation in dispersion-hardened materials with FCC crystal system and L12 superstructure particles. Research results show that the size and the distance between particles of the strengthening phase affect the strain hardening and the evolution of the dislocation subsystem of the FCC alloy hardened with coherent L12 superstructure particles. It is found that increased size of ordered particles or decreased distance between them enhances the abnormal growth in the flow stress and the density of the dislocation subsystem components. Investigations show that prismatic dislocation loops predominate in the dislocation subsystem of materials having a nano-dispersion strengthening phase.