A surfactant structure-directing agent was used to synthesize a hydrophobic mesoporous material (MCM-41-d) at room temperature. As-prepared materials were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm analysis, and thermogravimetry (TG). The properties of the samples for adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) from water were also investigated in detail. The results revealed that pH affected BPA adsorption. Equilibrium and kinetic data were consistent with the Langmuir adsorption and second-order kinetic model, respectively. The adsorption capacity of MCM-41-d was considerably higher than that of MCM-41-c because of its higher hydrophobicity and more abundant adsorption sites. The maximum adsorption capacity of MCM-41-d was as high as 416.7 mg/g, indicating that MCM-41-d can serve as an efficient adsorbent to remove BPA from water.