This paper proposes a novel approach to study the problem of master–slave synchronization for chaotic delayed Lur’e systems with sampled-data feedback control. Specifically, first, it is assumed that the sampling intervals are randomly variable but bounded. By getting the utmost out of the usable information on the actual sampling pattern and the nonlinear part condition, a newly augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is constructed via a more general delay-partition approach. Second, in order to obtain less conservative synchronization criteria, a novel integral inequality is developed by the mean of the new adjustable parameters. Third, a longer sampling period is achieved by using a double integral form of Wirtinger-based integral inequality. Finally, three numerical examples with simulations of Chua’s circuit are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed methods.