By analyzing an example of a finite cylinder three-component in its axial coordinate, we illustrate the formulation of a mathematical model and a method aimed at the determination and investigation of the steady-state distributions of temperature and stresses in the presence of heat removal through one of the plane boundaries by liquid boiling. In this case, we use the mathematical model of thermally sensitive body. It is assumed that the second layer of the cylinder contains heat sources distributed according to the parabolic law, a heat flux is directed toward one of the plane boundaries, and the heat removal by liquid boiling takes place trough the other boundary. We determine the stresses and study the effect of temperature dependences of the thermomechanical characteristics of materials of components of the cylinder and the intensity of boiling on the character and level of the distributions of temperature and stresses.