A portion of the genus Scolecenchelys Ogilby 1897, the Scolecenchelys gymnota species group, is taxonomically revised. The S. gymnota species group is defined as having the dorsal-fin origin located posterior to the level of the anus and consists of the following 10 species: Scolecenchelys aoki (Jordan and Snyder 1901) (Japan and Korea), Scolecenchelys australis (Macleay 1881) (southern Australia and New Zealand), Scolecenchelys brevicaudata sp. nov. (Philippines), Scolecenchelys chilensis (McCosker 1970) (Desventuradas Islands and Juan Fernández Islands, off Chile), Scolecenchelys fuscogularis Hibino, Kai and Kimura 2013 (Japan and Korea), Scolecenchelys gymnota (Bleeker 1857) (tropical area of the Pacific and Indian oceans, excluding Australia and the Red Sea), Scolecenchelys iredalei (Whitley 1927) (tropical area of the Pacific and Indian oceans), Scolecenchelys laticaudata (Ogilby 1897) (tropical area of the Pacific and Indian oceans), Scolecenchelys profundorum (McCosker and Parin 1995) (the Nazca Ridge), and Scolecenchelys robusta sp. nov. (southwestern Indian Ocean). Scolecenchelys iredalei is newly regarded as a valid species, but Muraenichthys erythraeensis Bauchot and Maugé 1980, Muraenichthys japonicus Machida and Ohta 1993, and Muraenichthys tasmaniensis McCulloch 1911 known as valid species formerly are junior synonyms of S. iredalei, S. aoki, and S. australis, respectively. A detailed examination of the generic status of “Scolecenchelys” acutirostris (Weber and de Beaufort 1916) is required.