The increasing prevalence of diseases of the thyroid gland with age affects women much more than men. The symptoms of thyroid gland diseases are often unspecific and therefore cannot be differentiated from symptoms of physiological aging and also the perimenopause and postmenopause without further indications. A correct diagnosis is relevant not least with respect to the already increased osteoporotic and cardiovascular risk. This article discusses the (differential) diagnostics including influencing factors, which must be taken into account as well as treatment and treatment monitoring also in particular situative constellations.