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The current generation of covariant mean-field models has had many successes in calculations of bulk observables for medium to heavy nuclei, but there remain many open questions. New challenges are confronted when trying to systematically extend these models to reliably address nuclear structure physics away from the line of stability. In this lecture, we discuss a framework for the next...
Recent progress in Lorentz-covariant quantum field theories of the nuclear many-body problem (quantum hadrodynamics or QHD) is discussed. The effective field theory studied here contains nucleons, pions, isoscalar scalar (σ) and vector (ω) fields, and isovector vector (ρ) fields. The theory exhibits a nonlinear realization of spontaneously broken SU(2)L × SU(2)...
These lecture notes address a central problem of theoretical nuclear physics: how to establish a relationship between low-energy, non-perturbative QCD and nuclear phenomenology which includes both nuclear matter and finite nuclei. We develop a microscopic covariant description of nuclear many-body dynamics constrained by chiral symmetry and in-medium QCD sum rules. A relativistic point-coupling...
An overview on the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner approach to the nuclear many-body problem is given. Different approximation schemes are discussed, with particular emphasis on the nuclear self-energy and the saturation mechanism of nuclear matter. I will further discuss extensions of the standard approach, amongst other things the inclusion of non-nucleonic degrees of freedom, many-body forces...
The density-dependent relativistic hadron (DDRH) field theory is the prototype of a theory with interaction vertices having an intrinsic functional structure. In order to conserve important fundamental principles, including Lorentz-invariance, covariance of the field equations and thermodynamical consistency, the functional form must be chosen in terms of Lorentz-scalar combinations of field...
Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) theory is described in terms of a covariant density functional for a description of nuclear properties. Using only a very limited number of phenomenological parameters it provides a universal self-consistent method, which is based on the mean field idea. Correlations, vacuum polarization, exchange terms etc. are included in a phenomenological way. The...
The Dirac Hamiltonian has an invariant SU(2) symmetry in two limits. For vector and scalar potentials that are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, the Dirac Hamiltonian is invariant under pseudo-spin symmetry. Approximate pseudo-spin symmetry in nuclei was observed in nuclear spectra more than thirty years ago but its relativistic origin has only recently been discovered. The conditions...
In this lecture I first present the vacuum for the e+-e- field of QED and show how it is modified for baryons in nuclear environment. Then I discuss the possibility of producing new types of nuclear systems by implanting an antibaryon into ordinary nuclei. The structure of nuclei containing one antiproton or antilambda is investigated within the framework of a relativistic...
The relativistic mean field model (RMF) is a key issue in this book. There is thus no need to motivate mean field models or to work out their value in describing nuclear ground state and excitation properties. But the reader may expect a justification for one more article on mean field models in the context of all what has already been written. The particular aim of this contribution is to...
The degrees of freedom associated with shape fluctuations and space orientation of atomic nuclei are analyzed with effective forces and large configuration spaces. A pedagogical theoretical introduction to the topic of symmetries restoration broken in the mean field approach as well as to the concept of generator coordinate is presented. We discuss global properties, like binding energies,...
Some recent developments in theoretical treatments of pairing correlations and continuum effects are discussed in this paper. We first present the methods to deal with the continuous spectra of particles and quasiparticles when calculating the nuclear ground state properties. The coordinate representation is obviously the most suitable framework when the effective two-body interaction is...
What do we know experimentally about the shell structure of heavy nuclei? Recently direct mass measurements to explore the heavy nuclei around lead have been carried out at the GSI experimental storage ring ESR. An interesting question is the persistence of the lead proton shell. Proceeding to the next closed shell above lead we reach the region of super heavy nuclei. Experimental results...
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