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Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging technology used for the treatment of spinal tumors. Its implementation allows effective dose escalation over conventional radiotherapy, which may improve tumor control. Additionally, it provides a treatment option for patients who are not candidates for conventional radiotherapy because of previous radiotherapy to the spinal cord. Finally, it has...
Common malignant spine tumors are metastasis to the spine with or without epidural spinal cord compression, and less commonly, primary spine tumors to the bone, soft tissue or spinal cord. Treatment of these tumors may vary depending on the primary site, histology, and functional status of the patient. In this chapter, indication and the use of radiosurgery for malignant spine tumors will be discussed.
Benign neoplasms account for approximately one third of all spinal tumors (Conti et al. 2004). Their frequency is increased in patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1 or 2. These lesions may be restricted to the thecal sac, the extra-thecal portions of the nerve sheath, or some combination of these locations (Celli et al. 2005). Benign spinal tumors typically present with a constellation of weakness,...
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths both in the US (Jemal et al. 2008) and in Japan (Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center 2007). Approximately 62,000 patients died of lung cancer during 2005 in Japan. Surgery is accepted as the standard care for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and application of radiotherapy is limited to medically...
More than 42,000 new cases of pancreatic cancer are diagnosed each year in the United States. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and is the second leading cause of digestive cancer-related deaths. Even with the most aggressive combined modality therapy, the overall 5 year survival currently remains less than 5% (Jemal et al. 2009).
Prostate cancer (PC) is currently the most common male cancer in most western countries, representing 30% of malignant tumors in men (Jemal et al. 2006). The major prognostic factors in localized prostate cancer are Gleason score, initial prostate-specific antigen (iPSA) and T stage. The terms “organ confined” and “locally advanced” disease refer to T1-T2 and T3-T4 respectively. These three prognostic...
Surgical resection and liver transplantation are the standard of care for medically and technically operable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as for oligometastatic disease from other primary cancers (i.e., colorectal, breast, lung, and other cancers) (Dawood et al. 2009). However, for patients who are not eligible for surgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is emerging as an excellent...
Early diagnosis and disease prevention, thorough visualization and understanding of disease and societal affordability, are the focus of medicine in the years to come. The goals in treatments are precision, accuracy, non-invasive techniques, efficacy of treatment and no side effects. Radiosurgery’s impact on the field of radiotherapy has imposed these goals over the last 60 years. The ingredients...
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