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In this chapter, we explore two categories of emergencies involving the major renal vasculature: renal infarction and renal vein thrombosis (RVT). Although both conditions ultimately cause renal ischemia, the etiologies, presentation, treatment strategies, and ultimate prognoses of occlusion of the renal artery and vein are quite different. We review the current literature with an emphasis on the...
Massive bleeding from the upper urinary tract (kidney and ureter) can present as either retroperitoneal hematoma or brisk hematuria. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage (RPH) secondary to a urological condition is an uncommon entity that can result from a variety of causes. It may result from local pathology involving either the kidney or adrenal or may be secondary to a bleeding disorder or systemic illness...
Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common urological disorder, presenting in 6.5% of patients following pelvic radiation therapy and up to 25% of patients receiving alkylating chemotherapeutic agents. HC can be devastating, with high morbidity and mortality despite aggressive interventions (1). Massive urothelial hemorrhage may involve both upper and lower urinary tracts (2), leading to acute renal failure...
The term priapism is derived from the Greek god Priapus, the god of seduction, fertility, and sexual love, also known for his giant phallus (1). Since the first reported case of priapism in 1824 by Callaway (2), limited attention has been placed on the study of the incidence, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and timely treatment of priapism.. Therefore, priapism. is associated partly with less-than-ideal...
It is not uncommon for a child, adolescent, or adult to present with scrotal pain, tenderness, or swelling. These patients who present with an acute or subacute scrotum require prompt evaluation. Timely and accurate diagnosis is required to prevent testicular loss. The differential diagnosis is extensive (Table 1), but the diagnosis can be determined based on history, physical examination, and limited...
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